Controlling Biofouling In Seawater Reverse Osmosis Membrane Systems

Author : Nirajan Dhakal
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351056085
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.83/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Controlling Biofouling in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Membrane Systems written by Nirajan Dhakal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seawater desalination is a rapidly growing coastal industry that is increasingly threatened by algal blooms. Depending on the severity of algal blooms, desalination systems may be forced to shut down because of clogging and/or poor feed water quality. To maintain stable operation and provide good feed water quality to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) systems, ultrafiltration (UF) pre-treatment is proposed. This research focused on assessing the ability of UF and other pre-treatment technologies to reduce biofouling in SWRO systems. An improved method to measure bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) was developed and applied at laboratory, pilot and full scale to assess the ability of conventional UF (150 kDa) and tight UF (10 kDa) alone and in combination with a phosphate adsorbent to reduce regrowth potential and delay the onset of biofouling in SWRO. The improved bacterial regrowth potential method employs a natural consortium of marine bacteria as inoculum and flow cytometry. The limit of detection of the BRP method was lowered to 43,000 ± 12,000 cells/mL, which is equivalent to 9.3 ± 2.6 μg-Cglucose/L. The reduction in bacterial regrowth potential after tight UF (10 kDa) was 3 to 4 times higher than with conventional UF (150 kDa). It was further reduced after the application of a phosphate adsorbent, independent of pore size of the UF membrane. Pilot studies demonstrated that the application of tight UF (10 kDa) coupled with a phosphate adsorbent consistently lowered the bacterial regrowth potential and no feed channel pressure drop increase was observed in membrane fouling simulators (MFS) over a period of 21 days. The study also showed that non-backwashable fouling of UF membranes varied strongly with the type of algal species and the algal organic matter (AOM) they release. The presence of polysaccharide (stretching -OH) and sugar ester groups (stretching S=O) was the main cause of non-backwashable fouling. In conclusion, this study showed that an improved BRP method is suitable for the assessment of SWRO pre-treatment systems and it can be a useful tool to develop potential strategies to mitigate biofouling and improve the sustainability of SWRO systems.

Author : Nirajan Dhakal
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351056093
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.90/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Controlling Biofouling in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Membrane Systems written by Nirajan Dhakal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seawater desalination is a rapidly growing coastal industry that is increasingly threatened by algal blooms. Depending on the severity of algal blooms, desalination systems may be forced to shut down because of clogging and/or poor feed water quality. To maintain stable operation and provide good feed water quality to seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) systems, ultrafiltration (UF) pre-treatment is proposed. This research focused on assessing the ability of UF and other pre-treatment technologies to reduce biofouling in SWRO systems. An improved method to measure bacterial regrowth potential (BRP) was developed and applied at laboratory, pilot and full scale to assess the ability of conventional UF (150 kDa) and tight UF (10 kDa) alone and in combination with a phosphate adsorbent to reduce regrowth potential and delay the onset of biofouling in SWRO. The improved bacterial regrowth potential method employs a natural consortium of marine bacteria as inoculum and flow cytometry. The limit of detection of the BRP method was lowered to 43,000 ± 12,000 cells/mL, which is equivalent to 9.3 ± 2.6 μg-Cglucose/L. The reduction in bacterial regrowth potential after tight UF (10 kDa) was 3 to 4 times higher than with conventional UF (150 kDa). It was further reduced after the application of a phosphate adsorbent, independent of pore size of the UF membrane. Pilot studies demonstrated that the application of tight UF (10 kDa) coupled with a phosphate adsorbent consistently lowered the bacterial regrowth potential and no feed channel pressure drop increase was observed in membrane fouling simulators (MFS) over a period of 21 days. The study also showed that non-backwashable fouling of UF membranes varied strongly with the type of algal species and the algal organic matter (AOM) they release. The presence of polysaccharide (stretching -OH) and sugar ester groups (stretching S=O) was the main cause of non-backwashable fouling. In conclusion, this study showed that an improved BRP method is suitable for the assessment of SWRO pre-treatment systems and it can be a useful tool to develop potential strategies to mitigate biofouling and improve the sustainability of SWRO systems.

Author : Johannes Simon Vrouwenvelder
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1843393638
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.34/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Biofouling of Spiral Wound Membrane Systems written by Johannes Simon Vrouwenvelder and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2011-03-15 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of membrane biofouling has increased strongly in the past four years, compared to the previous twenty two years, indicated by the more than doubling of the number of scientific papers. However, no single source gives an updated overview of biofouling. Biofouling of Spiral Wound Membrane Systems gives a complete and comprehensive overview of all aspects of biofouling, bridging the gap between microbiology, hydraulics and membrane technology. High quality drinking water can be produced with membrane filtration processes like reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF). As the global demand for fresh clean water is increasing, these membrane technologies are increasingly important. One of the most serious problems in RO/NF applications is biofouling – excessive growth of biomass – affecting the performance of the RO/NF systems. This can be due to the increase in pressure drop across membrane elements (feed-concentrate channel), the decrease in membrane permeability or the increase in salt passage. These phenomena result in the need to increase the feed pressure to maintain constant production and to clean the membrane elements chemically. Biofouling of Spiral Wound Membrane Systems relates biomass accumulation in spiral wound RO and NF membrane elements with membrane performance and hydrodynamics and determines parameters influencing biofouling. It focuses on the development of biomass in the feed-concentrate (feed-spacer) channel and its effect on pressure drop and flow distribution. It can be used to develop an integral strategy to control biofouling in spiral wound membrane systems. Most past and present methods to control biofouling have not been very successful. An overview of several potential complementary approaches to solve biofouling is given and an integrated approach for biofouling control is proposed.

Author : Szilárd Bucs
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1780409583
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.80/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Biofouling of Membrane Systems written by Szilárd Bucs and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2018-09-15 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of the uneven distribution of fresh water in time and space and the increasing human population, a large number of regions are experiencing water scarcity and stress. Membrane-based desalination technologies like reverse osmosis have the potential to solve the fresh water crisis in coastal areas. However, in many cases membrane performance is restricted by biofouling. Biofouling of Membrane Systems gives a comprehensive overview on the state of the art strategies to control biofouling in spiral wound reverse osmosis membrane systems and point to possible future research directions. Despite the fact that much research and development has been done to overcome biofouling in spiral wound membrane systems used for water treatment, biofouling is still a major practical problem causing performance decline and increased energy demand. Biofouling of Membrane Systems is divided into three sections including modelling and numerical analysis, non-destructive characterization and feed spacer geometry optimization. It focuses on the development of biomass in the feed channel of the membrane module and its effect on pressure drop and hydrodynamics. This book can be used to develop an integral strategy to control biofouling in spiral wound membrane systems. An overview of several potential complementary approaches to solve biofouling is given and an integrated approach for biofouling control and feed spacer design is proposed.

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.23/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Alternative Disinfectants and Oxidants Guidance Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Thomas M. Missimer
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319132032
Total Pages : 551 pages
Book Rating : 4.37/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Intakes and Outfalls for Seawater Reverse-Osmosis Desalination Facilities written by Thomas M. Missimer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-07 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book assembles the latest research on new design techniques in water supplies using desalinated seawater. The authors examine the diverse issues related to the intakes and outfalls of these facilities. They clarify how and why these key components of the facilities impact the cost of operation and subsequently the cost of water supplied to the consumers. The book consists of contributed articles from a number of experts in the field who presented their findings at the "Desalination Intakes and Outfalls" workshop held at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) in Saudi Arabia in October, 2013. The book integrates coverage relevant to a wide variety of researchers and professionals in the general fields of environmental engineering and sustainable development.

Author : Hongbo Du
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535139215
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.18/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes written by Hongbo Du and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-03-28 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Osmotically driven membrane processes (ODMPs) including forward osmosis (FO) and pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) have attracted increasing attention in fields such as water treatment, desalination, power generation, and life science. In contrast to pressure-driven membrane processes, e.g., reverse osmosis, which typically employs applied high pressure as driving force, ODMPs take advantages of naturally generated osmotic pressure as the sole source of driving force. In light of this, ODMPs possess many advantages over pressure-driven membrane processes. The advantages include low energy consumption, ease of equipment maintenance, low capital investment, high salt rejection, and high water flux. In the past decade, over 300 academic papers on ODMPs have been published in a variety of application fields. The number of such publications is still rapidly growing. The ODMPs' approach, fabrications, recent development and applications in wastewater treatment, power generation, seawater desalination, and gas absorption are presented in this book.

Author : Almotasembellah Abushaban
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000034704
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.07/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Assessing Bacterial Growth Potential in Seawater Reverse Osmosis Pretreatment written by Almotasembellah Abushaban and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seawater desalination is increasingly being used as a means to augment freshwater supplies in regions with high water stress, and reverse osmosis is increasingly the technology of choice because of the low energy consumption. However, seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) systems suffer from various types of fouling, which can increase energy consumption and the use of chemicals during SWRO operation. In practice, pre-treatment systems are put in place to reduce the particulate and biological fouling potential of SWRO feed water. However, simple, reliable and accurate methods to assess the extent to which biological fouling potential is reduced during pre-treatment are not available for seawater. This research developed a new method to measure bacterial growth potential (BGP) using the native bacterial consortium in seawater. New reagents to extract and detect ATP in microbial cells were specifically developed for seawater. The new lysis and detection reagents overcame the salt interference in seawater and allow low detection of total ATP, free ATP and microbial ATP in seawater. Incorporating a filtration step further increased the sensitivity of the method six fold, enabling ATP detection of ultra-low levels of microbial ATP in seawater. The newly developed ATP-based BGP method was applied to monitor and assess the pre-treatment of five full-scale seawater desalination plants around the world. A good correlation was observed between BGP measured in SWRO feed water and the pressure drop increase in the SWRO systems, suggesting the applicability of using the ATP-based BGP method as a biofouling indicator in SWRO. Furthermore, a safe level of BGP ( In the future, on-line monitoring of BGP in SWRO feed water may further reduce the consumption of chemicals and energy and improve the overall sustainability of seawater desalination by reverse osmosis.

Author : Klaus-Viktor Peinemann
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9783527631414
Total Pages : 251 pages
Book Rating : 4.10/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Membranes for Water Treatment written by Klaus-Viktor Peinemann and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-11-29 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ready reference on Membrane Technologies for Water Treatment, is an invaluable source detailing sustainable, emerging processes, to provide clean, energy saving and cost effective alternatives to conventional processes. The editors are internationally renowned leaders in the field, who have put together a first-class team of authors from academia and industry to present a highly approach to the subject. The book is an instrumental tool for Process Engineers, Chemical Engineers, Process Control Technicians, Water Chemists, Environmental Chemists, Materials Scientists and Patent Lawyers.

Author : Muharrem Ince
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1839689110
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.16/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes written by Muharrem Ince and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-02-16 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes provides an overview of membrane systems and separation processes, recent trends in membranes and membrane processes, and advancements in osmotically driven membrane systems. It focuses on recent advances in monitoring and controlling wastewater using membrane technologies. It explains and clarifies important research studies as well as discusses advancements in the field of organic-inorganic pollution.