Civil War Taxes

Author : John Martin Davis, Jr.
Publisher : McFarland
ISBN 13 : 1476677948
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.41/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Civil War Taxes written by John Martin Davis, Jr. and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2019-07-30 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:  During the Civil War, both the North and South were challenged by fiscal and monetary needs, but physical differences such as gold reserves, industrialization and the blockade largely predicted the war's outcome from the onset. To raise revenue for the war effort, every possible person, business, activity and property was assessed, but projections and collections were seldom up to expectations, and waste, fraud and ineffectiveness in the administration of the tax systems plagued both sides. This economic history uses forensic examination of actual documents to discover the various taxes that developed from the Civil War, including the direct and poll taxes, which were dropped; the income tax, which stands today; and the war tax, which was effective for only a short time.

Author : Christopher Michael Shepard
Publisher : Algora Publishing
ISBN 13 : 087586788X
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.85/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Civil War Income Tax and the Republican Party, 1861-1872 written by Christopher Michael Shepard and published by Algora Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A flat tax? Tax cuts? Complete elimination of the income tax? These ideas have most certainly been advocated by members of the Republican Party during the past few decades. Party leaders such as George W. Bush, Ronald Reagan and Newt Gingrich expressed disdain for the income tax and utilized their power to remove it as a revenue source. At the time of the Civil War, many Republicans, mainly in the Northeast, were opposed to the new Federal Income Tax. Initially used to finance that war, the Federal income tax became a hotly-debated issue at a time when America was trying to put back together a fractured nation. The issue split the party, with Midwestern and Southern Republicans wanting to continue the income tax, and Northern and Western Republicans championing its demise. In the end, the anti-income tax wing took control of the Republican Party and shaped its economic principles for the future. The book is an in-depth look into how the Republicans in Congress dealt with the creation of the United States' first income tax and how it affected the party for the future. The author argues that the anti-income tax faction of the Republican Party won the debate and took over the party – and to this day, the Republican Party typically promotes either cutting taxes or eliminating them altogether. The author gives a brief history of the formation of the Republican Party and how they developed their economic views in distinction from the declining Whig Party, who mostly sought to fund the federal budget through tariffs and not by taxing the people directly. The second half of the book looks at the different income tax legislations and how Republicans in Congress responded to them. Each chapter begins with a brief historical context at the time when an income tax bill was being discussed in Congress. The views of Republicans on the income tax were altered throughout the war and its aftermath. In the beginning, Republicans enthusiastically supported the income tax as a measure needed to sustain the fighting. As the war came to a close, however, many Republicans began to change their view. They originally backed progressive rates, then they wanted just one flat tax rate, and, by 1870, many wanted the tax to be ended. There was a divide in the Republican Party, though. Western Republicans wanted to keep the income tax intact while Northern Republicans called for its repeal. The last chapter of the book looks at the Republican Party and the income tax since 1872. Many of the arguments made by current and past Republicans (e.g., George W. Bush, Eisenhower, Elihu Root and even Earl Warren) against the income tax are shown to be the same ones made by many Republicans in the debate over the Civil War income tax. Apparently, the Northern anti-income tax wing won the debate and took over the party 140 years ago.

Author : Steven R. Weisman
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 0743243811
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.10/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Great Tax Wars written by Steven R. Weisman and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2004-10-26 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major work of history, The Great Tax Wars is the gripping, epic story of six decades of often violent conflict over wealth, power, and fairness that gave America the income tax. It's the story of a tumultuous period of radical change, from Abraham Lincoln and the Civil War through the progressive era under Theodore Roosevelt and ending with Woodrow Wilson and World War I. During these years of upheaval, America was transformed from an agrarian society into a mighty industrial nation, great fortunes were amassed, farmers and workers rebelled, class war was narrowly averted, and America emerged as a global power. The Great Tax Wars features an extraordinary cast of characters, including the men who built the nation's industries and the politicians and reformers who battled them -- from J. P. Morgan and Andrew Carnegie to Lincoln, T.R., Wilson, William Jennings Bryan, and Eugene Debs. From their ferocious battles emerged a more flexible definition of democracy, economic justice, and free enterprise largely framed by a more progressive tax system. In this groundbreaking book, Weisman shows how the ever controversial income tax transformed America and how today's debates about the tax echo those of the past.

Author : Jane S Flaherty
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317314972
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.74/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Revenue Imperative written by Jane S Flaherty and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-09-30 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive overview of the Union financial policies during the American Civil War. This work argues that the revenue imperative, the need to keep pace with the burgeoning expenses of the conflict, governed the development of fiscal policy.

Author : Steven A. Bank
Publisher : The Urban Insitute
ISBN 13 : 9780877667407
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.03/5 ( download)

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Download or read book War and Taxes written by Steven A. Bank and published by The Urban Insitute. This book was released on 2008 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: This book explores the long history of American taxation during times of war. As political scientist David Mayhew recently observed, since it's founding in 1789, the United States has conducted hot wars for some 38 years, occupied the South militarily for a decade, waged the Cold War for several decades, and staged countless smaller actions against Indian tribes or foreign powers. The cost of these activities has been immense, with important and lasting consequences for the tax system, the economy, and the nation's political structure. By focusing on tax legislation, we hope to identify some of these consequences. But we are not interested in simply recounting statutory details. Rather, we hope to illuminate the politics of war taxation, with a special focus on the influence of arguments concerning "shaped sacrifice" in shaping wartime tax policy. Moreover, we aim to shed light on a less examined aspect of this history by offering a detailed account of wartime opposition to increased taxes.

Author : Roger Lowenstein
Publisher : Penguin
ISBN 13 : 0735223572
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.78/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Ways and Means written by Roger Lowenstein and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2023-03-07 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Captivating . . . [Lowenstein] makes what subsequently occurred at Treasury and on Wall Street during the early 1860s seem as enthralling as what transpired on the battlefield or at the White House.” —Harold Holzer, Wall Street Journal “Ways and Means, an account of the Union’s financial policies, examines a subject long overshadowed by military narratives . . . Lowenstein is a lucid stylist, able to explain financial matters to readers who lack specialized knowledge.” —Eric Foner, New York Times Book Review From renowned journalist and master storyteller Roger Lowenstein, a revelatory financial investigation into how Lincoln and his administration used the funding of the Civil War as the catalyst to centralize the government and accomplish the most far-reaching reform in the country’s history Upon his election to the presidency, Abraham Lincoln inherited a country in crisis. Even before the Confederacy’s secession, the United States Treasury had run out of money. The government had no authority to raise taxes, no federal bank, no currency. But amid unprecedented troubles Lincoln saw opportunity—the chance to legislate in the centralizing spirit of the “more perfect union” that had first drawn him to politics. With Lincoln at the helm, the United States would now govern “for” its people: it would enact laws, establish a currency, raise armies, underwrite transportation and higher education, assist farmers, and impose taxes for them. Lincoln believed this agenda would foster the economic opportunity he had always sought for upwardly striving Americans, and which he would seek in particular for enslaved Black Americans. Salmon Chase, Lincoln’s vanquished rival and his new secretary of the Treasury, waged war on the financial front, levying taxes and marketing bonds while desperately battling to contain wartime inflation. And while the Union and Rebel armies fought increasingly savage battles, the Republican-led Congress enacted a blizzard of legislation that made the government, for the first time, a powerful presence in the lives of ordinary Americans. The impact was revolutionary. The activist 37th Congress legislated for homesteads and a transcontinental railroad and involved the federal government in education, agriculture, and eventually immigration policy. It established a progressive income tax and created the greenback—paper money. While the Union became self-sustaining, the South plunged into financial free fall, having failed to leverage its cotton wealth to finance the war. Founded in a crucible of anticentralism, the Confederacy was trapped in a static (and slave-based) agrarian economy without federal taxing power or other means of government financing, save for its overworked printing presses. This led to an epic collapse. Though Confederate troops continued to hold their own, the North’s financial advantage over the South, where citizens increasingly went hungry, proved decisive; the war was won as much (or more) in the respective treasuries as on the battlefields. Roger Lowenstein reveals the largely untold story of how Lincoln used the urgency of the Civil War to transform a union of states into a nation. Through a financial lens, he explores how this second American revolution, led by Lincoln, his cabinet, and a Congress studded with towering statesmen, changed the direction of the country and established a government of the people, by the people, and for the people.

Author : John V. C. Nye
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691190496
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.95/5 ( download)

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Download or read book War, Wine, and Taxes written by John V. C. Nye and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In War, Wine, and Taxes, John Nye debunks the myth that Britain was a free-trade nation during and after the industrial revolution, by revealing how the British used tariffs—notably on French wine—as a mercantilist tool to politically weaken France and to respond to pressure from local brewers and others. The book reveals that Britain did not transform smoothly from a mercantilist state in the eighteenth century to a bastion of free trade in the late nineteenth. This boldly revisionist account gives the first satisfactory explanation of Britain's transformation from a minor power to the dominant nation in Europe. It also shows how Britain and France negotiated the critical trade treaty of 1860 that opened wide the European markets in the decades before World War I. Going back to the seventeenth century and examining the peculiar history of Anglo-French military and commercial rivalry, Nye helps us understand why the British drink beer not wine, why the Portuguese sold liquor almost exclusively to Britain, and how liberal, eighteenth-century Britain managed to raise taxes at an unprecedented rate—with government revenues growing five times faster than the gross national product. War, Wine, and Taxes stands in stark contrast to standard interpretations of the role tariffs played in the economic development of Britain and France, and sheds valuable new light on the joint role of commercial and fiscal policy in the rise of the modern state.

Author : Ewell D. Moore
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.40/5 ( download)

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Download or read book War Tax written by Ewell D. Moore and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Stephen Dowell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.26/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Taxation, from the earliest times to the Civil War.-v. 2. Taxation, from the Civil War to the present day.-v. 3. Direct taxes and stamp duties.-v. 4. Taxes on articles of consumption written by Stephen Dowell and published by . This book was released on 1884 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Steven R. Weisman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.58/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Great Tax Wars written by Steven R. Weisman and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the years between the Civil War and World War I as a period of significant change, tracing a rise of wealth and power, the bitter war between the Populists and Progressives, and the birth of America as a global power.