Chinas Virtual Monopoly Of Rare Earth Elements

Author : Roland Howanietz
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351109901
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.01/5 ( download)

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Download or read book China's Virtual Monopoly of Rare Earth Elements written by Roland Howanietz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rare Earth Elements are a group of 17 metals which have a central role in modern industry, increasingly used in the fields of green technologies, high technological consumer goods, industrial and medical appliances and modern weapons systems. Although deposits of Rare Earths are globally dispersed, over 90% of global demand has been provided by Chinese mines since the late 1990s, leading to a situation where China has a virtual monopoly. This book surveys the Rare Earths mining industry, discusses the extent to which Rare Earths really are scarce elsewhere in the world and assesses the economics of production, considering arguments for the rationing of supply, for higher pricing and for a total export embargo. This actually occurred in 2010, demonstrating the vulnerability of the rest of the world to China’s control of these increasingly vital resources.

Author : Sophia Kalantzakos
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190670932
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.31/5 ( download)

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Download or read book China and the Geopolitics of Rare Earths written by Sophia Kalantzakos and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Resource competition, mineral scarcity, and economic statecraft -- What are rare earths? -- Salt and oil : strategic parallels -- How China came to dominate the rare earth industry

Author : Roland Howanietz
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351109898
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.95/5 ( download)

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Download or read book China's Virtual Monopoly of Rare Earth Elements written by Roland Howanietz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-06-12 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rare Earth Elements are a group of 17 metals which have a central role in modern industry, increasingly used in the fields of green technologies, high technological consumer goods, industrial and medical appliances and modern weapons systems. Although deposits of Rare Earths are globally dispersed, over 90% of global demand has been provided by Chinese mines since the late 1990s, leading to a situation where China has a virtual monopoly. This book surveys the Rare Earths mining industry, discusses the extent to which Rare Earths really are scarce elsewhere in the world and assesses the economics of production, considering arguments for the rationing of supply, for higher pricing and for a total export embargo. This actually occurred in 2010, demonstrating the vulnerability of the rest of the world to China’s control of these increasingly vital resources.

Author : Eric O. Estep
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.57/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Countering China's Dominance in the Rare Earth Element Market System written by Eric O. Estep and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper will discuss how the United States can exercise the economic element of national power to ensure access to rare earth elements (REE) in a China-dominated market system. Since the 1980's, China has gained a virtual monopoly in the mining and production of REE. Today, China produces over 95% of all REE used by the world. The United States, its allies, and trading partners become increasingly dependent on REE each day as the world evolves into a more information based high-technology driven society. REE are vital to the United States' high-technology economy, state of the art defense systems, and renewable and clean energy systems. China's virtual monopoly of REE allows Chinese control of prices, availability and production of high-technology products and materials to achieve Chinese political and economic ends. Since not all REEs can be produced in the United States, it is imperative that the U.S. creates a reliable, predictable, resilient, and cost effective REE global supply chain in addition to reestablishing a U.S. based production capability.

Author : Julie Michelle Klinger
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501714619
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.10/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Rare Earth Frontiers written by Julie Michelle Klinger and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-15 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Owing to their unique magnetic, phosphorescent, and catalytic properties, rare earths are the elements that make possible teverything from the miniaturization of electronics, to the enabling of green energy and medical technologies, to supporting essential telecommunications and defense systems. An iPhone uses eight rare earths for everything from its colored screen, to its speakers, to the miniaturization of the phone?s circuitry. On the periodic table rare earth elements comprise a set of seventeen chemical elements (the fifteen lanthanides plus scandium and yttrium). There would be no Pokémon Go without rare earths. Rare Earth Frontiers is a work of human geography. Klinger looks historically and geographically at the ways rare earth elements in three discrete but representative and contested sites are given meaning.

Author : Wayne M. Morrison
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781481849210
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.12/5 ( download)

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Download or read book China's Rare Earth Industry and Export Regime written by Wayne M. Morrison and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few years, the Chinese government has implemented a number of policies to tighten its control over the production and export of "rare earths"-a unique group of 17 metal elements on the periodic table that exhibit a range of special properties, such as magnetism, luminescence, and strength. Rare earths are important to a number of high technology industries, including renewable energy and various defense systems.

Author : Marc Humphries
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437937985
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.85/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Rare Earth Elements written by Marc Humphries and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Intro.; (2) What are Rare Earth Elements (REE)?; (3) Major End Uses and Applications: Demand for REE; The Application of REE in National Defense; (4) Rare Earth Resources and Production Potential; Supply Chain Issues; Role of China; (5) Rare Earth Legislation in the 111th Congress: H.R. 4866, and S. 3521, the Rare Earths Supply-Chain Technology and Resources Transformation Act of 2010; H.R. 5136, the FY 2011 Nat. Defense Authorization Act; P.L. 111-84, the FY 2010 Nat. Defense Authorization Act; (6) Possible Policy Options: Authorize and Appropriate Funding for a USGS Assessment; Support and Encourage Greater Exploration for REE; Challenge China on Its Export Policy; Establish a Stockpile. Illustrations.

Author : Ryan David Kiggins
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137364246
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.41/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Political Economy of Rare Earth Elements written by Ryan David Kiggins and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-28 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributors argue that rare earths are essential to the information technology revolution on which humans have come to depend for communication, commerce, and, increasingly, engage in conflict. They demonstrate that rare earths are a strategic commodity over which political actors will and do struggle for control.

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.71/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Rare Earths: Responding to China's Monopoly written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Wayne M. Morrison
Publisher : BiblioGov
ISBN 13 : 9781294255321
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.20/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Crs Report for Congress written by Wayne M. Morrison and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-11 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few years, the Chinese government has implemented a number of policies to tighten its control over the production and export of "rare earths"--a unique group of 17 metal elements on the periodic table that exhibit a range of special properties, such as magnetism, luminescence, and strength. Rare earths are important to a number of high technology industries, including renewable energy and various defense systems. China's position as the world's dominant producer and supplier of rare earths (97% of total output) and its policies to limit exports have raised concerns among many in Congress, especially given the importance of rare earths to a variety of U.S. commercial industries (e.g., hybrid and conventional autos, oil and gas, energy-efficient lighting, advanced electronics, chemicals, and medical equipment), as well as to U.S. defense industries that produce various weapon systems. Many are concerned that rising rare earth prices could undermine the global competitiveness of many U.S. firms (lowering their production and employment), impede technological innovation, and raise prices for U.S. consumers. Others are concerned that China's virtual monopoly over rare earths could be used as leverage against major rare earth importers, such as the United States, Japan, and the European Union (EU). ...