Britain Ireland And Continental Europe In The Eighteenth Century

Author : Stephen Conway
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199210853
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.55/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Britain, Ireland, and Continental Europe in the Eighteenth Century written by Stephen Conway and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2011 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stephen Conway's study offers a different perspective on eighteenth-century Britain and Ireland's relationship with continental Europe, acknowledging areas of difference and distinctiveness, but also pointing to areas of similarity.

Author : James Anthony Froude
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.12/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book The English in Ireland in the Eighteenth Century written by James Anthony Froude and published by . This book was released on 1874 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Stephen Conway
Publisher : Oxford University Press on Demand
ISBN 13 : 0199253757
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.53/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book War, State, and Society in Mid-Eighteenth-Century Britain and Ireland written by Stephen Conway and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2006-01-05 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The middle of the 18th century was a period of continuous warfare as Britain, and therefore Ireland, was involved in conflict with Spain and France. This text explores the impact of these wars and the consequences for the economy, society, politics, religious divisions, and attitudes to empire.

Author : Desmond Keenan
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
ISBN 13 : 166412859X
Total Pages : 968 pages
Book Rating : 4.90/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Eighteenth Century Ireland, Georgian Ireland written by Desmond Keenan and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2020-10-11 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 18th century tended to be neglected by Irish historians in the 20th century. Irish achievements in the 18th century were largely those of Protestants, so Catholics tended to disregard them. Catholic historians concentrated on the grievances of the Catholics and exaggerated them. The Penal Laws against Catholics were stressed regardless of the fact that most of them affected only a small number of rich Catholics, the Catholic landowners who had sufficient wealth to raise a regiment of infantry to fight for the Catholic Stuart pretenders. The practice of the Catholic religion was not made illegal. Catholic priests could live openly and have their own chapels and mass-houses. As was the law at the time, the ordinary workers, Catholic or Protestant, had no vote, and so were ignored by the political classes. Nor had they any ambitions in the direction of taking control of the state. If they had local grievances, and in many places they had, especially with regard to rents and tithes, they dealt with them locally, and often brutally, but they were not trying to overthrow the Government. If some of them looked for a French invasion it was in the hope that the French would bring guns and powder to assist them in their local disputes. It is a peculiarity, as yet unexplained, that most of the Catholic working classes, by the end of the century, had names that reflected their ancestry as minor local chiefs. The question remains where did the descendants of the former workers, the villeins and betaghs go? The answer seems to be that in times of war and famine the members of even the smallest chiefly family stood a better chance of surviving. This would explain the long-standing grievance of the Catholic peasants that they were unjustly deprived of their land. We will perhaps never know the answer to this question. Penal Laws against religious minorities were the norm in Europe. The religion of the state was decided by the king according to the adage cuius regio eius religio (each king decides the state religion for his own kingdom). At the end of the 17th century, the Catholic landowners fought hard for the Catholic James II. But in the 18th century they lost interest and preferred to come to terms with the actually reigning monarch, and became Protestants to retain their lands and influence. Unlike in Scotland, support for the Catholic Stuarts remained minimal. Nor was there any attempt to establish in independent kingdom or republic. When such an attempt was made at the very end of the century it was led by Protestant gentlemen in imitation of their American cousins. Ireland in the 18th century was not ruled by a foreign elite like the British raj in India. It was an aristocratic society, like all the other European societies at the time. Some of these were descendants of Gaelic chiefs; some were descendants of those who had received grants of confiscated land; some were descendants of the moneylenders who had lent money to improvident Gaelic chiefs. Together these formed the ruling aristocracy who controlled Parliament and made the Irish laws, controlled the army, the judiciary and the executive. Access to this elite was open to any gentleman who was willing to take the oath of allegiance and conform to the state church, the Established Church but not the nonconformists. British kings did not occupy Ireland and impose foreign rule. Ireland had her own Government and elected Parliament. By a decree of King John in the 12th century, the Lordship of Ireland was annexed to the person of the king of England. When not present in Ireland in person, and he rarely was, his powers were exercised by a Lord Lieutenant to whom considerable executive power was given. He presided over the Irish Privy Council which drew up the legislation to be presented to the Irish Parliament. One restraint was imposed on the Irish Parliament. By Poynings’ Law it was not allowed to pass legislation that infringed on the rights of the king or his English Privy Council. The British Parliament had no interest in the internal affairs of Ireland. The Irish Council were free to devise their own legislation and they did so. The events in Irish republican fantasy are examined in detail. The was no major rebellion against alleged British rule. The vast majority of Catholics and Protestants rallied to the support of their lawful Government. The were local uprisings easily suppressed by the local militias and yeomanry. Atrocities were not all on one side. Ireland at last enjoyed a century of peace with no wasteful and destructive wars within its bounds. No longer were its crops burned, its buildings destroyed, its cattle driven off, its population reduced by fever and famine. Its trade was resumed and gradually wealth accumulated and was no longer dispersed on local wars. Gentlemen, as in England, could afford to build great country and town houses. The arts flourished as never before. Skilled masons could build great houses. Stone cutters could carve sculptures. The most delicate mouldings could be applied to ceilings. The theatre flourished. While some gentlemen led the life of wastrels, others devoted themselves to the promotion of agriculture and industry. Everywhere mines were dug to exploit minerals. Ireland had not the same richness of minerals as England, but every effort was made to find and exploit them. Roads were improved, canals dug, rivers deepened, and ports developed. Market towns spread all over Ireland which provided local farmers with outlets for their produce and increased the wealth of the landlords. This wealth was however very unevenly spread. The population was ever increasing and the poor remained miserably poor. In a bad year, hundreds of thousands of the very poor could perish through cold and famine. But the numbers of the very poor kept on growing. Only among the Presbyterians in Ulster was there emigration on any scale. Even before the American Revolution they found a great freedom and greater opportunities in the American colonies. Catholics, were born, lived and died in the same parish. Altogether it was a century of great achievement.

Author : Stephen Conway
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198808704
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.01/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Britannia's Auxiliaries written by Stephen Conway and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How did continental Europeans contribute to the eighteenth-century British Empire? Stephen Conway observes how European settlers, soldiers, scientists, sailors, clergymen, merchants, and technical experts contributed to the British Empire, and how they were shaped by imperial direction and control

Author : James Anthony Froude
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.84/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book The English in Ireland in the Eighteenth Century written by James Anthony Froude and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : John Harold Plumb
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.61/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book England in the Eighteenth Century written by John Harold Plumb and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This history of England in the 18th century is not a chronological narrative of ministries and wars, but a history of the development of English society; the ministries and wars, of course, have their place, but no greater a place than the economic, cultural, and social history of the time. The book is divided into three parts: the ages of Walpole, of Chatham, and of Pitt.

Author : William Edward Hartpole Lecky
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 526 pages
Book Rating : 4.71/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book A History of Ireland in the Eighteenth Century written by William Edward Hartpole Lecky and published by . This book was released on 1896 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Charles Ivar McGrath
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317315014
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.18/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Ireland and Empire, 1692-1770 written by Charles Ivar McGrath and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-09-30 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historians often view early modern Ireland as a testing ground for subsequent British colonial adventures further afield. McGrath argues against this passive view, suggesting that Ireland played an enthusiastic role in the establishment and expansion of the first British Empire. He focuses on two key areas of empire-building: finance and defence.

Author : Ian McBride
Publisher : Gill & Macmillan Ltd
ISBN 13 : 0717159272
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.77/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Eighteenth-Century Ireland (New Gill History of Ireland 4) written by Ian McBride and published by Gill & Macmillan Ltd. This book was released on 2009-10-02 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The eighteenth century is in many ways the most problematic era in Irish history. Traditionally, the years from 1700 to 1775 have been short-changed by historians, who have concentrated overwhelmingly on the last quarter of the period. Professor Ian McBride's survey, the fourth in the New Gill History of Ireland series, seeks to correct that balance. At the same time it provides an accessible and fresh account of the bloody rebellion of 1798, the subject of so much controversy. The eighteenth century was the heyday of the Protestant Ascendancy. Professor McBride explores the mental world of Protestant patriots from Molyneux and Swift to Grattan and Tone. Uniquely, however, McBride also offers a history of the eighteenth century in which Protestant, Catholic and Dissenter all receive due attention. One of the greatest advances in recent historiography has been the recovery of Catholic attitudes during the zenith of the Protestant Ascendancy. Professor McBride's Eighteenth-Century Ireland insists on the continuity of Catholic politics and traditions throughout the century so that the nationalist explosion in the 1790s appears not as a sudden earthquake, but as the culmination of long-standing religious and social tensions. McBride also suggests a new interpretation of the penal laws, in which themes of religious persecution and toleration are situated in their European context. This holistic survey cuts through the clichés and lazy thinking that have characterised our understanding of the eighteenth century. It sets a template for future understanding of that time. Eighteenth-Century Ireland: Table of Contents Introduction Part I. Horizons - English Difficulties and Irish Opportunities - The Irish Enlightenment and its Enemies - Ireland and the Ancien Régime Part II. The Penal Era: Religion and Society - King William's Wars - What Were the Penal Laws For? - How Catholic Ireland Survived - Bishops, Priests and People Part III The Ascendancy and its World - Ascendancy Ireland: Conflict and Consent - Queen Sive and Captain Right: Agrarian Rebellion Part IV. The Age of Revolutions - The Patriot Soldier - A Brotherhood of Affection - 1798