Brain Imaging In Substance Abuse Forensic Science And Medicine

Author : Marc J. Kaufman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1592590217
Total Pages : 455 pages
Book Rating : 4.16/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Brain Imaging in Substance Abuse written by Marc J. Kaufman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-09-29 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last two decades have seen prodigious growth in the application of brain imaging methods to questions of substance abuse and addiction. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the central effects of drugs provided by preclinical data, relatively little direct evidence was known of how substances of abuse affect the brain and other eNS processes in humans. Brain imaging techniques have allowed access to the human brain and enabled the asking of questions never before imagined. The positron emission tomography (PET) data ofVolkow and her colleagues in the late 1980s, showing the uptake and time course of cocaine's binding in the human brain, revealed for the first time the distinct sites of action of this drug. This work was extremely important because it showed clearly, through imaging a drug in the brain of a living human, that the time course of its action paralleled the behavioral state of "high. " This study marked a turning point in our understanding of drug-brain-behav ior interactions in humans. Many more investigations of drug effects on the structure and function of the human brain were soon to follow, leading to much better insights into brain systems. Brain imaging allowed for the direct assessment of structural and functional anatomy, biology, and chemistry in substance abusers.

Author : Marc J. Kaufman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.20/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Brain Imaging in Substance Abuse. Forensic Science and Medicine written by Marc J. Kaufman and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the growing availability and decreasing cost of brain imaging technologies, it has become possible for researchers, physicians, forensics experts, and legal professionals to study brain changes in humans associated with substance abuse. In Brain Imaging in Substance Abuse: Research, Clinical, and Forensic Applications, highly experienced clinical researchers from diverse fields describe the use of electroencephalography, emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging to study the neural effects of substance abuse. The authors detail the effects of drugs, including alcohol, benzodiazepines, marijuana, opiates, cocaine, amphetamines, hallucinogens, and solvents on brain electrical activity, metabolism, hemodynamics, receptor and neurotransmitter levels, neurochemistry, and structure. The striking findings they report emerge from more than 1350 articles in some 320 journals, and are organized by method, abused substance and drug use state. The book examines the most commonly used neuropsychological tests and highlights associations between neuroimaging findings and behavior. Comprehensive and readily accessible, Brain Imaging in Substance Abuse: Research, Clinical, and Forensic Applications offers psychiatrists, radiologists, neurologists, pharmacologists, physiologists, psychologists, substance abuse specialists, and legal professionals a broad yet thoroughly integrated understanding of the methods and results obtained with clinical neuroimaging studies of substance abuse today.

Author : Bryon Adinoff
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119972701
Total Pages : 539 pages
Book Rating : 4.09/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Neuroimaging in Addiction written by Bryon Adinoff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-11-02 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroimaging in Addiction presents an up-to-date, comprehensive review of the functional and structural imaging human studies that have greatly advanced our understanding of this complex disorder. Approaching addiction from a conceptual rather than a substance-specific perspective, this book integrates broad neuropsychological constructs that consider addiction as a neuroplastic process with genetic, developmental, and substance-induced contributions. The internationally recognized contributors to this volume are leaders in clinical imaging with expertise that spans the addiction spectrum. Following a general introduction, an overview of neural circuitry and modern non-invasive imaging techniques provides the framework for subsequent chapters on reward salience, craving, stress, impulsivity and cognition. Additional topics include the use of neuroimaging for the assessment of acute drug effects, drug-induced neurotoxicity, non-substance addictive behaviors, and the application of imaging genetics to identify unique intermediate phenotypes. The book concludes with an exploration of the future promise for functional imaging as guide to the diagnosis and treatment of addictive disorders. Scientists and clinicians will find the material in this volume invaluable in their work towards understanding the addicted brain, with the overall goal of improved prevention and treatment outcomes for patients. Features a Foreword by Edythe London, Director of the Center for Addictive Behaviors, University of California at Los Angeles.

Author : Amanda J. Jenkins
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1597453188
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.89/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Drug Testing in Alternate Biological Specimens written by Amanda J. Jenkins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-10 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the specimen of choice in the US drug testing industry is urine, and serum in clinical medicine, interest has recently grown in the use of other matrices as drug testing media. This book provides researchers and forensic toxicologists with a convenient general text summarizing the state of knowledge today. Chapters focus specifically on the application of these practices to drugs of abuse. The up-to-date information provided is complemented with thorough references.

Author : Edith V. Sullivan
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444626220
Total Pages : 703 pages
Book Rating : 4.26/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Alcohol and the Nervous System written by Edith V. Sullivan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-10-08 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol is the most widely used drug in the world, yet alcoholism remains a serious addiction affecting nearly 20 million Americans. Our current understanding of alcohol's effect on brain structure and related functional damage is being revolutionized by genetic research, basic neuroscience, brain imaging science, and systematic study of cognitive, sensory, and motor abilities. Volume 125 of the Handbook of Clinical Neurology is a comprehensive, in-depth treatise of studies on alcohol and the brain covering the basic understanding of alcohol's effect on the central nervous system, the diagnosis and treatment of alcoholism, and prospect for recovery. The chapters within will be of interest to clinical neurologists, neuropsychologists, and researchers in all facets and levels of the neuroscience of alcohol and alcoholism. The first focused reference specifically on alcohol and the brain Details our current understanding of how alcohol impacts the central nervous system Covers clinical and social impact of alcohol abuse disorders and the biomedical consequences of alcohol abuse Includes section on neuroimaging of neurochemical markers and brain function

Author : Gabriel G. Nahas
Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 9789051993059
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.56/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Drug Abuse in the Decade of the Brain written by Gabriel G. Nahas and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life scientists have declared the 1990s to be the "Decade of the Brain." Undoubtedly the most important organ, the brain is perhaps the least understood. Until recently, the proper methodology for exploring the basic functions of the brain were not available. However, the new era of computer technology brain imaging and molecular biology have given scientists the tools for studying previously hidden mechanisms of the brain which control thinking, emotions, and behavior. Along with this new knowledge, scientists have observed that drugs of abuse can alter these same brain functions in a profound and persistent manner. Drugs of abuse are widely used substances that differ in chemical nature but have a common property-creating dependence. Dependence is characterized by a stereotypical pattern of behavior oriented toward the search, acquisition, and ingestion of drugs of abuse with such frequency and in such quantity as to be harmful. This behavior is beyond the control of reason and will. Studies conducted during the "decade of the brain" or before, show that the clinically observed, dependent behavior induced by drugs of abuse result from neurophysiological and chemical alterations of complex brain mechanisms. These mechanisms involve the production and turnover of the brain neurotransmitters that carry information in the brain neurocircuitry, changes in brain metabolism and circulation, and alterations in the expression of DNA which programs the functions or the neuronal cell. This book describes a number of newly discovered basic brain mechanisms and the alterations caused by drugs of abuse. Contributions by top researchers in fields of radian biology, biochemistry, genetics, and pharmacology examine the new technological improvements for the measurement of brain function, metabolism, blood flow and drug elimination and report changes in brain biochemistry, including DNA expression, as they occur during drug abuse. Physicians and health professionals will benefit from a better understanding of the effects of drugs on the brain which will lead to more effective interventions for prevention and treatment. Highlights include: New knowledge about the brain New methods of investigation Opiates and the brain Marijuana and the brain Cocaine and the brain This book will be of interest to health professionals and program administrators involved in the education and treatment of substance abuse disorders, as well as physicians, nurses, psychiatric social workers, neuroscientists, and pharmacologists.

Author : Raphael C. Wong
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1592599516
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.16/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Drugs of Abuse written by Raphael C. Wong and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-05 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of the science of drug testing in all its aspects, placing emphasis on technologies that use body fluids other than urine for determining the presence of drugs of abuse. The authors discuss the various body fluid specimens suitable for testing for illicit drugs-particularly saliva, sweat, and hair-describe the structural and manufacturing aspects of on-site testing devices based on lateral flow immunoassay, and detail the pitfalls of using these specimens. They also discuss in detail the problem of sample adulteration and its detection. Since oral fluid has the best potential of succeeding urine as the next matrix of choice for drug detection, four popular saliva testing devices are examined: Intercept®, the Drager Drug Test®, Oratect®, and Drugwipe. Political, social, and legal issues are also considered in articles on privacy, the use of drug testing in courts, and the problem of sample adulteration.

Author : Beth E. Zedeck
Publisher : Infobase Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1438103824
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.22/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Forensic Pharmacology written by Beth E. Zedeck and published by Infobase Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forensic Pharmacology explores the many links between drugs and forensic science, from drug-induced violence and crime to determining whether a person taking a certain medication is capable of standing trial for a crime, to the forgery of prescriptions. The reader is introduced to the daily work of the scientists, and the principles of pharmacology and toxicology, as well as the various classes and technical analysis of drugs of abuse.

Author : Margaret M. Stark
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1592599133
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.34/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Clinical Forensic Medicine written by Margaret M. Stark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-13 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), now in its 175th year, has a long tradition of working with doctors. In fact, the origin of the forensic p- sician (police surgeon) as we know him or her today, dates from the passing by Parliament of The Metropolitan Act, which received Royal Assent in June of 1829. Since then, there are records of doctors being “appointed” to the police to provide medical care to detainees and examine police officers while on duty. The MPS has been involved in the training of doctors for more than 20 years, and has been at the forefront of setting the highest standards of wo- ing practices in the area of clinical forensic medicine. Only through an awa- ness of the complex issues regarding the medical care of detainees in custody and the management of complainants of assault can justice be achieved. The MPS, therefore, has worked in partnership with the medical profession to ensure that this can be achieved. The field of clinical forensic medicine has developed in recent years into a specialty in its own right. The importance of properly trained doctors working with the police in this area cannot be overemphasized. It is essential for the protection of detainees in police custody and for the benefit of the criminal justice system as a whole. A book that assists doctors in the field is to be applauded.

Author : Jeremy Rich
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1592598978
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.77/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Forensic Medicine of the Lower Extremity written by Jeremy Rich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-28 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publius Syrus stated back in 42 B.C., “You cannot put the same shoe on every foot.” (Maxim 596) Though written long before the advent of forensic science, Syrus’ maxim summarizes the theme of Forensic Medicine of the Lower Extremity: Human Identification and Trauma Analysis of the Thigh, Leg, and Foot. Put simply, the lower extremity is a tremendously variable anatomic region. This variation is beneficial to forensic experts. Differences in the leg and foot can be used to establish individual identity. Analysis of damage to the lower limb can be used to reconstruct antemortem, perimortem, and postmortem trauma. As a forensic anthropologist, I analyze cases involving decomposed, burned, m- mified, mutilated, and skeletal remains. Many of the corpses I examine are incomplete. Occasionally, I receive nothing but the legs and feet; a lower torso dragged from a river; a foot recovered in a city park; dismembered drug dealers in plastic bags; victims of bombings and airline disasters; and the dead commingled in common graves. Though the leg and foot contain much that is useful in forensic analysis, before this publication, investigators faced a twofold problem. Little research that focused on the lower extremity was available in the literature, and the existing research was published in diverse sources, making its location and synthesis a daunting task.