Bottom Up Linguistics

Author : Paul Rastall
Publisher : Masarykova univerzita
ISBN 13 : 8021094346
Total Pages : 151 pages
Book Rating : 4.45/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Bottom-up Linguistics written by Paul Rastall and published by Masarykova univerzita. This book was released on 2019-01-01 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lingvistika zdola nahoru představuje alternativu k většině mainstreamových pohledů na jazyk a na lingvistickou analýzu. Tento přístup zkoumá jazykové jednotky a vztahy v jejich vícerozměrné diverzitě. Současně jazykové jednotky pojímá jako způsob, jakým mluvčí vyjadřují své komunikační potřeby, a jako způsob, jakým se tvoří verbální skutečnost. K zobecněním se dospívá z pozorování, přičemž se respektuje diverzita uvnitř jazyků a napříč jazyky. Přístup bere v potaz jak informační, tak signalizační vlastnosti řeči.

Author : Nancy H. Hornberger
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 311081479X
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.98/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Indigenous Literacies in the Americas written by Nancy H. Hornberger and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-10-25 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SOCIOLOGY OF LANGUAGE brings to students, researchers and practitioners in all of the social and language-related sciences carefully selected book-length publications dealing with sociolinguistic theory, methods, findings and applications. It approaches the study of language in society in its broadest sense, as a truly international and interdisciplinary field in which various approaches, theoretical and empirical, supplement and complement each other. The series invites the attention of linguists, language teachers of all interests, sociologists, political scientists, anthropologists, historians etc. to the development of the sociology of language.

Author : Julia Sallabank
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107655889
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.81/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Attitudes to Endangered Languages written by Julia Sallabank and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-12-19 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language attitudes and ideologies are of key importance in assessing the chances of success of revitalisation efforts for endangered languages. However, few book-length studies relate attitudes to language policies, or address the changing attitudes of non-speakers and the motivations of members of language movements. Through a combination of ethnographic research and quantitative surveys, this book presents an in-depth study of revitalisation efforts for indigenous languages in three small islands round the British Isles. The author identifies and confronts key issues commonly faced by practitioners and researchers working in small language communities with little institutional support. This book explores the complex relationship of ideologies, identity and language-related beliefs and practices, and examines the implications of these factors for language revitalisation measures. Essential reading for researchers interested in language endangerment and revitalisation, sociolinguistics, linguistic anthropology and language policy and planning, as well as language planners and campaigners.

Author : Heath Rose
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107162734
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.30/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Global Englishes for Language Teaching written by Heath Rose and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-01-24 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a ground-breaking attempt to unite discussions on the pedagogical implications of the global spread of English, and lobby for change.

Author : W. Davies
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137361247
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.40/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Language Planning and Microlinguistics written by W. Davies and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-27 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whilst earlier studies of language planning and of standardisation have tended to study macro processes, this volume is in line with more recent work aimed at bridging the macro and the micro levels by examining how the two interact and influence each other. It covers seven countries and deals with a range of sociolinguistic constellations.

Author : Vittorio Tantucci
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108484824
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.24/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Language and Social Minds written by Vittorio Tantucci and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-15 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proposes a new empirical model to analyse how humans can express social cognition at different levels of complexity.

Author : Mick Randall
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9789027219770
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.7X/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Memory, Psychology and Second Language Learning written by Mick Randall and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the contributions that cognitive linguistics and psychology, including neuropsychology, have made to the understanding of the way that second languages are processed and learnt. It examines areas of phonology, word recognition and semantics, examining 'bottom-up' decoding processes as compared with 'top-down' processes as they affect memory. It also discusses second language learning from the acquisition/learning and nativist/connectionist perspectives. These ideas are then related to the methods that are used to teach second languages, primarily English, in formal classroom situations. This examination involves both 'mainstream' communicative approaches, and more traditional methods widely used to teach EFL throughout the world. The book is intended to act both as a textbook for students who are studying second language teaching and as an exploration of issues for the interested teacher who would like to further extend their understanding of the cognitive processes underlying their teaching.Mick Randall is currently Senior Lecturer in TESOL and Head of the Institute of Education at the British University in Dubai. He has taught courses in second language learning and teaching, applied linguistics and psychology in a number of different contexts. He has a special interest in the cognitive processing of language and in the psycholinguistics of word recognition, spelling and reading.

Author : Barbara M. Birch
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135217718
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.16/5 ( download)

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Download or read book English L2 Reading written by Barbara M. Birch and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-08 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: English L2 Reading: Getting to the Bottom, Second Edition remains a comprehensive, myth-debunking examination of how L1 features (orthographic system, phonology, morphology) can influence English L2 reading at the “bottom” of the reading process. It provides a thorough but very accessible linguistic/psycholinguistic examination of the lowest levels of the reading process. It is both theoretical and practical. The goal is to balance or supplement (not replace) top-down approaches and methodologies with effective low-level options for teaching English reading. Core linguistic and psycholinguistic concepts are presented within the context of their application to teaching. The text clearly explains the strategies that readers of other languages develop in response to their own writing systems (Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Hebrew, other alphabets, or transparent Roman alphabetic systems), contrasted with an explanation of the strategies that English readers develop in response to the opaque orthography of English, and explicates how other low-level processing strategies for L1 morphology and word formation may aid or hinder processing in English L2 reading acquisition. A complete, balanced reading ideology should be big enough to embrace all reading theories and practices. In particular, it should be able to accommodate those researchers and teachers who find that attention to the details of language can also help students learn to read better. Many ESL/EFL teachers are interested in supplementing their successful whole-language methods with bottom-up reading strategies, but aren’t sure how to do it. This book fills that gap. Changes in the Second Edition: *updated content in each chapter and clearer organization for the student to make the text more reader friendly; *expansion in Chapter 2 on alphabets, writing systems, and a brief history of written English and spelling; *extended discussion in Chapter 3 of the cognition of written language and reading transfer; *addition of phonemic, vocal, subvocal, and articulatory development and L2 reading processing in Chapter 4, as well as instructional activities and strategies for teaching these skills to L2 readers; *elaboration of graphs and graphemes in Chapter 5, including discussion of developing graphemic knowledge, processing strategies, and their instructional application, and new sections on reading speed, pattern recognition, and word recognition; *development of the probabilistic section in Chapter 6, particularly the probabilities in context of L2 reading; *updated information on the topic of brain activation studies; and *new treatment of the topic of reading fluency, added in responses to requests from many readers of the first edition. Intended for ESL/EFL reading researchers, teacher trainers and teachers, and as a text for MATESOL students, most chapters contain practical suggestions that teachers can incorporate into whole language methods to teach beginning or intermediate ESL/EFL reading (letters, pronunciation, “smart” phonics, morphemes, and vocabulary acquisition) in a more balanced way. Pre-reading discussion and study questions are provided to stimulate interest and enhance comprehension. End-of-chapter exercises help readers apply the concepts.

Author : Michael Dambacher
Publisher : Universitätsverlag Potsdam
ISBN 13 : 3869560592
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.95/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Bottom-up and Top-down Processes in Reading written by Michael Dambacher and published by Universitätsverlag Potsdam. This book was released on 2010 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In reading, word frequency is commonly regarded as the major bottom-up determinant for the speed of lexical access. Moreover, language processing depends on top-down information, such as the predictability of a word from a previous context. Yet, however, the exact role of top-down predictions in visual word recognition is poorly understood: They may rapidly affect lexical processes, or alternatively, influence only late post-lexical stages. To add evidence about the nature of top-down processes and their relation to bottom-up information in the timeline of word recognition, we examined influences of frequency and predictability on event-related potentials (ERPs) in several sentence reading studies. The results were related to eye movements from natural reading as well as to models of word recognition. As a first and major finding, interactions of frequency and predictability on ERP amplitudes consistently revealed top-down influences on lexical levels of word processing (Chapters 2 and 4). Second, frequency and predictability mediated relations between N400 amplitudes and fixation durations, pointing to their sensitivity to a common stage of word recognition; further, larger N400 amplitudes entailed longer fixation durations on the next word, a result providing evidence for ongoing processing beyond a fixation (Chapter 3). Third, influences of presentation rate on ERP frequency and predictability effects demonstrated that the time available for word processing critically co-determines the course of bottom-up and top-down influences (Chapter 4). Fourth, at a near-normal reading speed, an early predictability effect suggested the rapid comparison of top-down hypotheses with the actual visual input (Chapter 5). The present results are compatible with interactive models of word recognition assuming that early lexical processes depend on the concerted impact of bottom-up and top-down information. We offered a framework that reconciles the findings on a timeline of word recognition taking into account influences of frequency, predictability, and presentation rate (Chapter 4).

Author : William O'Grady
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135612730
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.33/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Syntactic Carpentry written by William O'Grady and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-03-23 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a new theory of syntax that is efficiency and computationally oriented and is compatible with the "emergentist" movement within linguistics.