Beyond Individual Choice

Author : Michael Bacharach
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780691120058
Total Pages : 250 pages
Book Rating : 4.56/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Beyond Individual Choice written by Michael Bacharach and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2006-05-07 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ch. 1.The hi-lo paradox --Ch. 2.Groups --Ch. 3.The evolution of group action --Ch. 4.Team thinking.

Author : Michael Bacharach
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691186316
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.13/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Beyond Individual Choice written by Michael Bacharach and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Game theory is central to modern understandings of how people deal with problems of coordination and cooperation. Yet, ironically, it cannot give a straightforward explanation of some of the simplest forms of human coordination and cooperation--most famously, that people can use the apparently arbitrary features of "focal points" to solve coordination problems, and that people sometimes cooperate in "prisoner's dilemmas." Addressing a wide readership of economists, sociologists, psychologists, and philosophers, Michael Bacharach here proposes a revision of game theory that resolves these long-standing problems. In the classical tradition of game theory, Bacharach models human beings as rational actors, but he revises the standard definition of rationality to incorporate two major new ideas. He enlarges the model of a game so that it includes the ways agents describe to themselves (or "frame") their decision problems. And he allows the possibility that people reason as members of groups (or "teams"), each taking herself to have reason to perform her component of the combination of actions that best achieves the group's common goal. Bacharach shows that certain tendencies for individuals to engage in team reasoning are consistent with recent findings in social psychology and evolutionary biology. As the culmination of Bacharach's long-standing program of pathbreaking work on the foundations of game theory, this book has been eagerly awaited. Following Bacharach's premature death, Natalie Gold and Robert Sugden edited the unfinished work and added two substantial chapters that allow the book to be read as a coherent whole.

Author : James T. Lamiell
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1452262683
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.80/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Beyond Individual and Group Differences written by James T. Lamiell and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2003-07-02 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "James Lamiell is a creative, sophisticated, and careful thinker, one whose ideas are deserving of broad attention....The book should be of interest to scholars and practitioners, along with advanced graduate students." --Kenneth J. Gergen, Swarthmore College Beyond Individual and Group Differences: Human Individuality, Scientific Psychology, and William Stern′s Critical Personalism examines the history of psychology′s effort to come to terms with human individuality, from the time of Wundt to present day. With a primary emphasis on the contributions of German psychologist William Stern, this book generates a wider appreciation for Stern′s perspective on human individuality and for the proper place of personalitic thinking within scientific psychology. The author presents an alternative approach to the logical positivism that permeates traditional psychological thought and methodology making this an innovative, ground-breaking work. Feature and Benefits: Provides book-length treatment of the concept of human individuality in twentieth century scientific psychology, highlighting the historical contributions made by the German psychologist and philosopher William Stern (1871-1938). Critically appraises contemporary thinking about personality in light of historical and methodological considerations. Challenges readers to rethink the problem of human individuality with research that mounts a direct empirical challenge to the long-standing belief that it is meaningless to characterize individuals without comparing them with one another. Concludes with a general discussion of the potential of personalistic thinking both as a foundation for personality theory and as a framework for social thought. Beyond Individual and Group Differences is a dynamic book for academics and scholars in the areas of personality psychology, individual differences, and the history of psychology.

Author : Paige Hall Smith
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813553164
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.60/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Beyond Health, Beyond Choice written by Paige Hall Smith and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2012-08-15 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current public health promotion of breastfeeding relies heavily on health messaging and individual behavior change. Women are told that “breast is best” but too little serious attention is given to addressing the many social, economic, and political factors that combine to limit women’s real choice to breastfeed beyond a few days or weeks. The result: women’s, infants’, and public health interests are undermined. Beyond Health, Beyond Choice examines how feminist perspectives can inform public health support for breastfeeding. Written by authors from diverse disciplines, perspectives, and countries, this collection of essays is arranged thematically and considers breastfeeding in relation to public health and health care; work and family; embodiment (specifically breastfeeding in public); economic and ethnic factors; guilt; violence; and commercialization. By examining women’s experiences and bringing feminist insights to bear on a public issue, the editors attempt to reframe the discussion to better inform public health approaches and political action. Doing so can help us recognize the value of breastfeeding for the public’s health and the important productive and reproductive contributions women make to the world.

Author : Michael Slote
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780674069183
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.88/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Beyond Optimizing written by Michael Slote and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophy, economics, and decision theory have long been dominated by the idea that rational choice consists of seeking or achieving one's own greatest good. Beyond Optimizing argues that our ordinary understanding of practical reason is more complex than this, and also that optimizing/maximizing views are inadequately supported by the considerations typically offered in their favor. Michael Slote challenges the long-dominant conception of individual rationality, which has to a large extent shaped the very way we think about the essential problems and nature of rationality, morality, and the relations between them. He contests the accepted view by appealing to a set of real-life examples, claiming that our intuitive reaction to these examples illustrates a significant and prevalent, if not always dominant, way of thinking. Slote argues that common sense recognizes that one can reach a point where "enough is enough," be satisfied with what one has, and, hence, rationally decline an optimizing alternative. He suggests that, in the light of common sense, optimizing behavior is often irrational. Thus, Slote is not merely describing an alternative mode of rationality; he is offering a rival theory. And the numerous parallels he points out between this common-sense theory of rationality and common-sense morality are then shown to have important implications for the long-standing disagreement between commonsense morality and utilitarian consequentialism. Beyond Optimizing is notable for its use of a much richer vocabulary of criticism than optimizing/maximizing models ever call upon. And it further argues that recent empirical investigations of the development of altruism and moral motivation need to be followed up by psychological studies of how moderation, and individual rationality more generally, take shape within developing individuals.

Author : Richard Robb
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300249209
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.00/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Willful written by Richard Robb and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-12 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revelatory alternative to the standard economic models of human behavior that proposes an exciting new way to understand decision-making Why do we do the things we do? The classical view of economics is that we are rational individuals, making decisions with the intention of maximizing our preferences. Behaviorists, on the other hand, see us as relying on mental shortcuts and conforming to preexisting biases. Richard Robb argues that neither explanation accounts for those things that we do for their own sake, and without understanding these sorts of actions, our picture of decision†‘making is at best incomplete. Robb explains how these choices made seemingly without reason belong to a realm of behavior he identifies as “for†‘itself.” A provocative combination of philosophy and economics that offers a key to many of our quixotic choices, this groundbreaking volume provides a new way to understand everything from investing to how hard we work to how we manage daily interactions.

Author : Jane J. Mansbridge
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226503607
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.08/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Beyond Self-Interest written by Jane J. Mansbridge and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1990-04-15 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A dramatic transformation has begun in the way scholars think about human nature. Political scientists, psychologists, economists, and evolutionary biologists are beginning to reject the view that human affairs are shaped almost exclusively by self-interest—a view that came to dominate social science in the last three decades. In Beyond Self-Interest, leading social scientists argue for a view of individuals behavior and social organization that takes into account the powerful motivations of duty, love, and malevolence. Economists who go beyond "economic man," psychologists who go beyond stimulus-response, evolutionary biologists who go beyond the "selfish gene," and political scientists who go beyond the quest for power come together in this provocative and important manifesto. The essays trace, from the ancient Greeks to the present, the use of self-interest to explain political life. They investigate the differences between self-interest and the motivations of duty and love, showing how these motivations affect behavior in "prisoners' dilemma" interactions. They generate evolutionary models that explain how altruistic motivations escape extinction. They suggest ways to model within one individual the separate motivations of public spirit and self-interest, investigate public spirit and self-interest, investigate public spirit in citizen and legislative behavior, and demonstrate that the view of democracy in existing Constitutional interpretations is not based on self-interest. They advance both human evil and mothering as alternatives to self-interest, this last in a penetrating feminist critique of the "contract" model of human interaction.

Author : Marianne A. Ferber
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226242080
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.88/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Beyond Economic Man written by Marianne A. Ferber and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-04-01 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to examine the central tenets of economics from a feminist point of view. In these original essays, the authors suggest that the discipline of economics could be improved by freeing itself from masculine biases. Beyond Economic Man raises questions about the discipline not because economics is too objective but because it is not objective enough. The contributors—nine economists, a sociologist, and a philosopher—discuss the extent to which gender has influenced both the range of subjects economists have studied and the way in which scholars have conducted their studies. They investigate, for example, how masculine concerns underlie economists' concentration on market as opposed to household activities and their emphasis on individual choice to the exclusion of social constraints on choice. This focus on masculine interests, the contributors contend, has biased the definition and boundaries of the discipline, its central assumptions, and its preferred rhetoric and methods. However, the aim of this book is not to reject current economic practices, but to broaden them, permitting a fuller understanding of economic phenomena. These essays examine current economic practices in the light of a feminist understanding of gender differences as socially constructed rather than based on essential male and female characteristics. The authors use this concept of gender, along with feminist readings of rhetoric and the history of science, as well as postmodernist theory and personal experience as economists, to analyze the boundaries, assumptions, and methods of neoclassical, socialist, and institutionalist economics. The contributors are Rebecca M. Blank, Paula England, Marianne A. Ferber, Nancy Folbre, Ann L. Jennings, Helen E. Longino, Donald N. McCloskey, Julie A. Nelson, Robert M. Solow, Diana Strassmann, and Rhonda M. Williams.

Author : Clara Mucci
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429911416
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.15/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Beyond Individual and Collective Trauma written by Clara Mucci and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book combines for the first time attachment theory, regulation attachment therapy, and the intergenerational transmission of trauma, showing how the clinical therapeutic process of "going beyond trauma" may result in forgiveness of past relationships and other reparatory practices in which self and other, both internal and external, are integrated and reconnected, opening the subject to creativity and new meaning in life. From early relational trauma to abuse and neglect, to massive social trauma such as war and genocide, the most recent psychoanalytic theories on trauma highlight the relevance of attachment on one side and intergenerational transmission of trauma on the other. The appropriate psychoanalytic treatment of traumatisation of human origin therefore needs to address the specific relational issues, trying to repair precisely the connection between self and other, thanks to the clinician's active participation in the exchange.

Author : Michele Goodwin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110703017X
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.76/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Policing the Womb written by Michele Goodwin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-12 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Policing the Womb, Michele Goodwin explores how states abuse laws and infringe on rights to police women and their pregnancies. This book looks at the impact of these often arbitrary laws which can result in the punishment, incarceration, and humiliation of women, particularly poor women and women of color. Frequently based on unscientific claims of endangering a fetus, these laws allow extraordinary powers to state authorities over reproductive freedom and pregnancies. In this book, Michele Goodwin discusses real examples of women whose pregnancies have been controlled by the law and what has led to the United States being the deadliest country in the developed world for a woman to be pregnant.