Ayatollah Khomeini Through The Lens Of The Iran Iraq War

Author : Meysam Tayebipour
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031149076
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.78/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Ayatollah Khomeini Through the Lens of the Iran-Iraq War written by Meysam Tayebipour and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book clarifies Khomeini’s views on nationalism, sectarianism, and peace and war by putting the Iran-Iraq war at center of understanding of Khomeini’s ideology. Moreover, by making comparisons between Khomeini’s thoughts before and after the revolution with his words during the Iran-Iraq war, this book helps us see how his discourse during the conflict was shaped by such thoughts. Also, such a comparison helps us understand the complexities of Khomeini’s doctrines and their evolvements. Additionally, by offering a unique set of methodological tools, this book introduces a new way to study political leaders in Iran and other parts of the Middle East.

Author : Mehran Riazaty
Publisher : Xlibris Corporation
ISBN 13 : 1514470314
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.12/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Khomeini’S Warriors written by Mehran Riazaty and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes Ayatollah Khomeinis ideology, Irans official and unofficial armed forces, and its allies throughout the world and provides photographs of the regimes predominant actors. Since 1892, the Shia clergy has played a major role in Iran, such as the tobacco boycott, which led to the withdrawal of the concession given by the Shah to British citizens, Irans Constitutional Revolution of 1906, as well as organizing opposition to the Shahs policies in the 1979 revolution. Ayatollah Khomeini was a lecturer at Hawza Ilmiyya (Shia seminary of traditional Islamic school of higher learning) of Najaf and Qom for decades before he came on to the Iranian political scene. In 1977, Khomeini assumed the mantle of leadership within the Islamist opposition after the death of Ali Shariati, a leftist intellectual and one of the most influential Iranian Muslim thinkers of his generation. In 1930, Shariati contributed a new line of thinking in Iran, through his reinterpretation of jihad and shahadat (martyrdom), which was presented in his view of an authentic Islam. Shariatis new authentic Islam centered on a reinterpretation of the story of Karbala, where Imam Hussein was martyred in a battle, refusing to pledge allegiance to Yazid, the Umayyad caliph. Shariati borrowed the Christian concept of martyrdom from the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus as the basis of his new Islamic philosophy. Shariati wrote that when faced with the possibility of ones own death, one must adopt an attitude of freedom-toward-death and thereby experience authentic living. In 1978, Ayatollah Khomeinis reinterpretation of Shia rituals removed the borders between the audience and the actors, turning the entire country into a stage for his casting. He imbued the old passion of the story of Karbala with a new passionate hatred for the Shahs unjust rule in Iran, as well as Israels and the United Statess influences within the world. Khomeinis memory of Dr. Mohammed Mosaddegh, whose government was toppled by the CIA in 1953, returning the Shah to Iran, resulted in the rise of various political groups such as nationalists, liberals, secularists, and Marxists. These groups were essential in assisting Khomeinis overthrow of the Shah, though they were soon stomped out by the creation of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in May 1979 in order to protect Khomeinis unique brand of a Shia Islamic Revolution. The Iran-Iraq War initiated the rapid expansion of the IRGCs size and capabilities. In September 1980, the IRGC had only 30,000 men in lightly armed units. Prior to the war, the IRGC personnel were very young in age and had little to no military experience. By the summer of 1981, the IRGC had organized basic training centers with experienced commanders and a select group of regular officers. They also had 50,000 members, and its strength would jump to 100,000 in 1983 and 250,000 in 1985. In order to meet all its manpower needs on the Iraq war front, the IRGC then turned to its volunteer militia, the Basij. The Basij members provided more troops than the IRGC could arm. The average Basij member came from Irans rural areas and can be described as poor, uneducated, and ranged in age from twelve to thirty years old. Like the IRGC, the Basij members are motivated by both religion and ideology. After the Iran-Iraq War, the IRGC focused on external threats as the Basij increased its involvement in domestic affairs. In past years, the Basij militia has been active in controlling public gatherings and disrupting demonstrations by civil or student activists.

Author : Shireen T. Hunter
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.84/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Iran After Khomeini written by Shireen T. Hunter and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1992-03-19 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three years after the departure of the Ayatollah Rouhallah Khomeini, Iran's political future remains uncertain. This volume explores the directions the Islamic regime and, more importantly, the Iranian society and nation are likely to take in the 1990s. The study begins with a brief historical survey of Iran's political institutions, its sociocultural traits, and its economic and military conditions, as well as its foreign policy orientation at the time of the revolution. It follows with a summary of the political, social, and economic changes the Islamic revolution introduced. These serve as benchmarks against which to measure the changes and reforms of the last three years and provide a basis for sketching the potential future directions of Iran's domestic evolution and foreign relations.

Author : Shirin Tahir-Kheli
Publisher : Greenwood
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.42/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Iran-Iraq War written by Shirin Tahir-Kheli and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1983 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Behrouz Souresrafil
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.70/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Iran-Iraq War written by Behrouz Souresrafil and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Martin Wright
Publisher : Longman Publishing Group
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.00/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Iran written by Martin Wright and published by Longman Publishing Group. This book was released on 1989 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Produced between the end of the war with Iraq and the death of the Ayatollah Khomeini. Part one outlines the country's history, sketchily until just before the revolution. Part two contains views of the present situation by five journalists, a British diplomat, and a scholar. Also lists government leaders and dissident groups. A high price for a small, cheaply bound, already outdated book. No bibliography. Paperback edition not seen. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780203346099
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.92/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Neighbors, Not Friends written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Kevin M. Woods
Publisher : National Defense University
ISBN 13 : 9780160827372
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7X/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Saddam's War written by Kevin M. Woods and published by National Defense University. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes detailed and edited transcripts of interviews with General Hamdani as well as a summary of insights as interpreted by the interviewers.

Author : Haleh Esfandiari
Publisher : Woodrow Wilson Center Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801856198
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.91/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Reconstructed Lives written by Haleh Esfandiari and published by Woodrow Wilson Center Press. This book was released on 1997-07 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iranian women tell in their own words what the revolution attempted and how they responded. The Islamic revolution of 1979 transformed all areas of Iranian life. For women, the consequences were extensive and profound, as the state set out to reverse legal and social rights women had won and to dictate many aspects of women's lives, including what they could study and how they must dress and relate to men. Reconstructed Lives presents Iranian women telling in their own words what the revolution attempted and how they responded. Through a series of interviews with professional and working women in Iran—doctors, lawyers, writers, professors, secretaries, businesswomen—Haleh Esfandiari gathers dramatic accounts of what has happened to their lives as women in an Islamic society. She and her informants describe the strategies by which women try to and sometimes succeed in subverting the state's agenda. Esfandiari also provides historical background on the women's movement in Iran. She finds evidence in Iran's experience that even women from "traditional" and working classes do not easily surrender rights or access they have gained to education, career opportunities, and a public role.

Author : Francisco José B. S. Leandro
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811635641
Total Pages : 628 pages
Book Rating : 4.49/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Geopolitics of Iran written by Francisco José B. S. Leandro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-13 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assesses Iran’s role in contemporary geopolitics. In particular, it examines three main intertwining circles: Iran’s development and political challenges, its relationships with neighbouring countries, as well as its relations with the major global powers — China, the European Union, Russia, and the United States. With contributions from over 20 authors, the book spans such critical aspects of contemporary geopolitics as modern history, natural resources, the economy, the social-political context, and strategic thinking. Particular focus is placed on Iran’s relations with its neighbours - Afghanistan, Iraq, Israel, Pakistan, and the Persian Gulf States. Furthermore, the book offers both a bilateral and multilateral dimension on how nuclear sanctions imposed on Iran have impacted its strategic planning, from the economic and military perspectives.