Ash From Coal And Biomass Combustion

Author : Ashok K. Singh
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030569810
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.15/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Ash from Coal and Biomass Combustion written by Ashok K. Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-12 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a concise book with comprehensive information on coal and biomass ash generated from their combustion in thermal power plants. It presents detailed studies on ash generated from contrasting coal and biomass feedstocks, and provides a comparative evaluation of these different ashes in terms of their origin, properties, environmental hazards. Potential utilizations with specific advantages and disadvantages of the respective ashes are elaborated in detail, including some innovative means of ash utilization for value addition purposes. By addressing both the theory and commercial exploitation of these products, this book will be helpful for industrialists, academicians and researchers alike.

Author : Panagiotis Grammelis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1849963932
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.30/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Solid Biofuels for Energy written by Panagiotis Grammelis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-22 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fossil fuels are widely used for electricity generation and heating, creating greenhouse gas emissions and other toxic pollutants, which should be minimised according to the most recent environmental legislation. The utilisation of solid fuels with biogenic origin could contribute to the minimisation of these emissions. Solid Biofuels for Energy presents the current status of the engineering disciplines in this specific area, providing an improved background on the energy exploitation options of solid biomass. Within this framework, all thematic priorities related to the solid bioenergy potential and standardisation, commercialised and emerging energy technologies, and quality of solid residues are presented. Special attention has been given to biomass co-firing with coal, since it has the highest potential for commercial application, while combustion and gasification are more promising for units of medium to small scale. This strong practical focus is evident throughout the book, particularly in discussions of: • international standards for solid biofuel specifications; • supply, cost and sustainability of solid biofuels; • technical issues and non-technical barriers in biomass/coal co-firing; and • biomass combustion and gasification characteristics. Solid Biofuels for Energy is an informative reference, written for researchers and postgraduate students working in the field of biomass. It can also be a useful guide for chemical and mechanical engineers, involved in the environment and energy production sectors.

Author : Nii Narh Nortey Yeboah
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.47/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Characterization and Productive Reuse of High Carbon Content Coal and Biomass Energy Combustion Residuals written by Nii Narh Nortey Yeboah and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, advances in low NOx coal combustion and increasingly strict CO2 reduction mandates have changed power plant boiler operations quite significantly. As a result of these necessary efforts, the characteristics of fly ash generated at many power plants have also changed. In particular, increases in unburned carbon content have been observed with detrimental implications on the utility of these fly ashes in concrete applications. Over the same time period, the combustion of biomass for energy generation has received increased attention due to the potential benefits of reducing CO2 emissions and improved sustainability when compared to fossil fuel combustion. Biomass is directly burned, gasified, or co-fired with coal to achieve this goal. Currently, close to 120 million metric tons of coal combustion by products are produced in the U.S. annually. As with coal combustion, production of energy from biomass combustion/gasification results in significant by-product generation that must either be productively reused or geologically disposed. While much research effort has been devoted to understanding the properties and potential productive reuse alternatives for coal combustion residuals, relatively little work has been done on the by-products of biomass combustion. This study investigated the properties and engineering behavior of sixteen ash samples that were produced in eleven different power plants. Specifically, three high carbon content Class F fly ashes, eight coal and biomass co-fired ashes, three pure biomass ash samples, and two high quality, low carbon content ash samples, one of which is commercially marketed (for reference) were chosen. The various ash samples were characterized by means of: electron microscopy; laser diffraction and dry sieve particle size analysis; loss on ignition and total organic carbon analysis; specific surface area analysis; as well as x-ray fluorescence and x-ray diffraction. The ash samples were also investigated for their potential engineering application in the fired clay brick industry, as low-cost adsorptive agents, and in alkali activated geopolymer synthesis for geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications. Results from physical and chemical characterization of the ash samples show no significant differences between pure coal ash and coal co-fired with biomass ash samples from the same power plant. However, there are significant morphological, chemical, and mineralogical differences between coal ash and pure biomass ash. Unlike pure coal ash, biomass ash is not composed primarily of aluminosilicate glass cenospheres but rather consists mainly of charred, fibrous woody remnants with elevated calcite content as compared to coal ash. Bench scale fired bricks produced by partial replacement of clay material with high carbon coal ash, co-fired ash, and pure biomass ash, respectively, was successful. Physical properties of a number of the mix designs exceeded the highest ASTM weathering grade requirements. As sorptive agents, high carbon concentrates from coal and co-fired ash samples, along with all the biomass ash samples, showed significant uptake of lead. The unaltered as- received ash samples (i.e. no acid or steam activation) showed only moderate arsenic (V) and selenium (VI) sorption capacity. Finally, solidification/stabilization by geopolymerization of high carbon content, co-fired ash with as little as 3 molar NaOH in the activator solution was successful, possibly paving the way for various geotechnical and geoenvironmental applications in ground improvement and soil/ash-pond stabilization.

Author : Jaap Koppejan
Publisher : Earthscan
ISBN 13 : 1849773041
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.41/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Handbook of Biomass Combustion and Co-firing written by Jaap Koppejan and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2012-05-16 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique handbook presents both the theory and application of biomass combustion and co-firing, from basic principles to industrial combustion and environmental impact, in a clear and comprehensive manner. It offers a solid grounding on biomass combustion, and advice on improving combustion systems.Written by leading international academics and industrial experts, and prepared under the auspices of the IEA Bioenergy Implementing Agreement, the handbook is an essential resource for anyone interested in biomass combustion and co-firing technologies varying from domestic woodstoves to utility-scale power generation. The book covers subjects including biomass fuel pre-treatment and logistics, modelling the combustion process and ash-related issues, as well as featuring an overview of the current R&D needs regarding biomass combustion.

Author : Mohammed Umar Garba
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.76/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Prediction of Ash Deposition for Biomass Combustion and Coal written by Mohammed Umar Garba and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thesis, a model that couples a reduced alkali kinetic mechanism for alkali sulphate formation during biomass combustion with an ash deposition model using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques has been presented. Starting with a detailed gas-phase kinetic mechanism for the alkali chemistry, a systematic reduction procedure has been performed using a sensitivity analysis to reduce the reaction mechanism to a level that can be implemented into a CFD calculation. An ash deposition model that takes into consideration the ash-sticking probability and the condensation of potassium salts has been developed. The reduced mechanism and the deposition model developed are implemented into a CFD model to predict ash depositions in a 10 MWth biomass grate furnace. Also, a CFD model to predict the deposition rates for the co-combustion of coal with biomass has been developed. This deposition model is based on the combined sticking probabilities of the ash particle viscosity and the melting behaviour of the ash particles. A Numerical Slagging Index (NSI) is also employed to estimate the degree of the sintering of the deposits. Experimental data from the Entrained Flow Reactor (EFR) at Imperial College, London, have been used to validate the models. The predicted results from both the ash deposition models agreed with the experimental measurements, and the NSI has successfully ranked the investigated coal-biomass mixtures according to their degree of sintering.

Author : John Oakey
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782423990
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.97/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Fuel Flexible Energy Generation written by John Oakey and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2015-12-08 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel Flexible Energy Generation: Solid, Liquid and Gaseous Fuels provides updated information on flexible fuel energy generation, the process by which one or more fuels can be combusted in the same boiler or turbine to generate power. By adapting or building boilers and turbines to accept multiple fuel sources, they can be co-fired with biomass and waste derived fuels, allowing a reduction in carbon output, thus providing cleaner energy. Fuel flexibility is becoming more important in a world of diminishing fossil fuel stocks. Many countries are investing in the development of more efficient fuel flexible boilers and turbines, and their use is becoming more prevalent in industry as well. This book provides comprehensive coverage of flexible fuel energy generation across all potential fuel types, and was written by a selection of experts in the field who discuss the types of fuels which can be used in fuel flexible energy generation, from solid fuels to biomass fuels, the preparation of fuels to be used in fuel flexible operations, that includes their handling and transport, and combustion and conversion technologies with chapters ranging from large-scale coal gasification to technology options and plant design issues. Focuses on fuel flexibility across all potential fuel types Includes thorough treatment of the technology being developed to allow for fuel flexibility Written by leading experts in the field Provides an essential text for R&D managers in firms which produce boilers or turbines, those who work in the fuel industry, and academics working in engineering departments on energy generation

Author : Shrinivas Sadashiv Lokare
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.73/5 ( download)

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Download or read book A Mechanistic Investigation of Ash Deposition in Pulverized-coal and Biomass Combustion written by Shrinivas Sadashiv Lokare and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This investigation details the effects of fuel constituents on ash deposition through systematic experimental and theoretical analyses of fundamental particle experiments and a suite of fuels with widely varying inorganic contents and compositions. The experiments were carried out in the Multifuel Flow Reactor (MFR) at Brigham Young University. Fuels included several biomass fuels (straw, sawdust and mixtures of straw-sawdust with other additives such as Al(OH)3, CaCO3, etc.) and four commercially-used coals (Illinois#6, Powder River Basin--Caballo and Cordero, Blind Canyon, and Lignite--Beulah Zap). The data from the series of experiments quantitatively illustrate the effects of fuel properties, physical and/or chemical, on ash deposition rate mechanisms.

Author : Robert C. Brown
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119417570
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.76/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Thermochemical Processing of Biomass written by Robert C. Brown and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-05-28 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive examination of the large number of possible pathways for converting biomass into fuels and power through thermochemical processes Bringing together a widely scattered body of information into a single volume, this book provides complete coverage of the many ways that thermochemical processes are used to transform biomass into fuels, chemicals and power. Fully revised and updated, this new edition highlights the substantial progress and recent developments that have been made in this rapidly growing field since publication of the first edition and incorporates up-to-date information in each chapter. Thermochemical Processing of Biomass: Conversion into Fuels, Chemicals and Power, 2nd Edition incorporates two new chapters covering: condensed phased reactions of thermal deconstruction of biomass and life cycle analysis of thermochemical processing systems. It offers a new introductory chapter that provides a more comprehensive overview of thermochemical technologies. The book also features fresh perspectives from new authors covering such evolving areas as solvent liquefaction and hybrid processing. Other chapters cover combustion, gasification, fast pyrolysis, upgrading of syngas and bio-oil to liquid transportation fuels, and the economics of thermochemically producing fuels and power, and more. Features contributions by a distinguished group of European and American researchers offering a broad and unified description of thermochemical processing options for biomass Combines an overview of the current status of thermochemical biomass conversion as well as engineering aspects to appeal to the broadest audience Edited by one of Biofuels Digest’s "Top 100 People" in bioenergy for six consecutive years Thermochemical Processing of Biomass: Conversion into Fuels, Chemicals and Power, 2nd Edition will appeal to all academic researchers, process chemists, and engineers working in the field of biomass conversion to fuels and chemicals. It is also an excellent book for graduate and advanced undergraduate students studying biomass, biofuels, renewable resources, and energy and power generation.

Author : Heribert Insam
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642193544
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.45/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Recycling of Biomass Ashes written by Heribert Insam and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-09 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of renewable bioenergy is increasing, and so is the production of associated wastes: biomass ashes. This book presents eleven chapters on the options for recycling such biomass ashes, ranging from their use as fertilizer in agriculture and forestry to their application as a supplement for the production of cement-based materials or bricks. The book also examines the pros and cons for each of the different uses of biomass ashes.

Author : L. Baxter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475792239
Total Pages : 655 pages
Book Rating : 4.32/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Applications of Advanced Technology to Ash-Related Problems in Boilers written by L. Baxter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 655 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the behavior of inorganic material in combustion systems. The past decade has seen unprecedented improvements in understanding the rates and mecha nisms of inorganic transformations and in developing analytical tools to predict them. These tools range from improved fuel analysis procedures to predictive computer codes. While this progress has been met with great enthusiasm within the research community, the practices of the industrial community remain largely unchanged. The papers in this book were selected from those presented at an Engineering Foundation Conference of the same title. All have been peer reviewed. The intent of the conference was to illustrate the application of advanced technology to ash-related problems in boilers and, by so doing, engage the research and industrial communities in more productive dialog. Those attending the conference generally felt that we were successful on these counts. We also engaged the industrial community to a greater extent than ever before in the conference discussion and presentation. We hope these proceedings will facilitate a continued and improved interaction between industrial and research communities. Behavior of inorganic material has long been recognized as one of the major considerations affecting the design and operation of boilers that burn ash-producing fuels. The practical problems associated with the behavior are sometimes catastrophic and spec tacular, ranging from major slag falls that damage the bottom of furnaces to complete plugging of convection passes.