Arctic Ocean

Author : Emily Rose Oachs
Publisher : Bellwether Media
ISBN 13 : 1681031558
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.52/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Arctic Ocean written by Emily Rose Oachs and published by Bellwether Media. This book was released on 2016-01-01 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic Ocean is the smallest ocean in the world. Located on the North Pole, it touches Asia, Europe, and North America. For many months, the sun does not rise over the Arctic, and when summer arrives, the ice barely melts! Young readers will enjoy finding out more about this unfamiliar ocean and its impact on the world.

Author : Guillermo Auad
Publisher : Fundacion BBVA
ISBN 13 : 8492937823
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.20/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Whither the Arctic Ocean? written by Guillermo Auad and published by Fundacion BBVA. This book was released on 2021-05-01 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change in the Arctic Ocean has stirred a remarkable surge of interest and concern. Study after study has revealed the astonishing speed of physical, chemical, ecological, and economic change throughout the expanse of the Arctic. What is more, the consequences of the changing Arctic are not restricted to the Arctic itself, but affect everyone in the Northern Hemisphere, ranging as they do from extreme weather to resource availability and food security, with implications for politics, economics, and sociology. The challenge is to comprehend the full extent and variety of these consequences, and meeting this challenge will demand a multi- and transdisciplinary understanding. Only by this means can we hope to map out a knowledge-based ecosystem and move toward knowledge-based resource management—the essential precondition for any sustainable future. In this book, leading international experts, from many felds of science and across the entire pan-Arctic region, give their specifc takes on where the Arctic Ocean is heading. All have taken care in their writing not to exclude non-experts, in the conviction that multi- and transdisciplinarity can only be achieved when communication and outreach are not tribal in nature. The recurrent guiding theme throughout these pages is “Whith -er the Arctic Ocean?” Taken in concert, the essays synthesize the current state of scientifc knowledge to project how climate change may impact on the Arctic Ocean and the continents around it. How can and how should we prepare for the imminent future that is already lapping at the threshold of the commons? What readers will hopefully take from this multi- and transdisciplinary endeavor is not the individual perspective of each contribution, but the picture that emerges across the entire suite of essays. As we move into a near future that will encompass both the probable and surprises, this book attempts to conjure the multi-dimensional space in which a sustainable future must be brought into being.

Author : Paul Arthur Berkman
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136217487
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.87/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Environmental Security in the Arctic Ocean written by Paul Arthur Berkman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-09-10 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The North Pole is being transformed from a sea-ice cap to a seasonally ice-free sea within the next few decades. This fundamental shift in the boundary conditions of the Arctic Ocean will create a new natural system with different dynamics than anything previously experienced by humans in the region. With the diminishing ice cover, interests are awakening globally to take advantage of extensive energy, shipping, fishing and tourism prospects in the Arctic Ocean. A range of states, including the major Arctic powers, are increasingly asserting their sovereignty seawards. National security policies are being declared and nuclear-capable states are adjusting their strategic deployments in the Arctic Ocean. There are forums for international cooperation in the Arctic, most notably the Arctic Council, but peace in the Arctic Ocean has yet to be explicitly established as a common interest because of the long-standing military presence. Risks of political, economic and cultural instabilities are inherent consequences. This volume proposes environmental security as providing a holistic framework to assess these security risks and then identify the appropriate adaptation and mitigation responses. Only after shared risk assessment and understanding of the appropriate responses, will there be sufficient clarity about the governance paths to pursue within the international legal framework of the law of the sea.

Author : Rüdiger Stein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642189121
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.28/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Organic Carbon Cycle in the Arctic Ocean written by Rüdiger Stein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The flux, preservation, and accumulation of organic carbon in marine systems are controlled by various mechanisms including primary p- duction of the surface water, supply of terrigenous organic matter from the surrounding continents, biogeochemical processes in the water column and at the seafloor, and sedimentation rate. For the world's oceans, phytoplankton productivity is by far the largest organic carbon 9 source, estimated to be about 30 to 50 Gt (10 tonnes) per year (Berger et al. 1989; Hedges and Keil 1995). By comparison, rivers contribute -1 about 0. 15 to 0. 23 Gt y of particulate organi.

Author : R. Stein
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780080558851
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.52/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Arctic Ocean Sediments: Processes, Proxies, and Paleoenvironment written by R. Stein and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-07-22 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although it is generally accepted that the Arctic Ocean is a very sensitive and important region for changes in the global climate, this region is the last major physiographic province of the earth whose short-and long-term geological history is much less known in comparison to other ocean regions. This lack of knowledge is mainly caused by the major technological/logistic problems in reaching this harsh, ice-covered region with normal research vessels and in retrieving long and undisturbed sediment cores. During the the last about 20 years, however, several international and multidisciplinary ship expeditions, including the first scientific drilling on Lomonosov Ridge in 2004, a break-through in Arctic research, were carried out into the central Artic and its surrounding shelf seas. Results from these expeditions have greatly advanced our knowledge on Arctic Ocean paleoenvironments. Published syntheses about the knowledge on Arctic Ocean geology, on the other hand, are based on data available prior to 1990. A comprehensive compilation of data on Arctic Ocean paleoenvironment and its short-and long-term variability based on the huge amount of new data including the ACEX drilling data, has not been available yet. With this book, presenting (1) detailed information on glacio-marine sedimentary processes and geological proxies used for paleoenvironmental reconstructions, and (2) detailed geological data on modern environments, Quaternary variability on different time scales as well as the long-term climate history during Mesozoic-Tertiary times, this gap in knowledge will be filled. *Aimed at specialists and graduates *Presents background research, recent developments, and future trends *Written by a leading scholar and industry expert

Author : Yvonne Herman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461306779
Total Pages : 887 pages
Book Rating : 4.71/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Arctic Seas written by Yvonne Herman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 887 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic region has long held a fascination for explorers and scientists of many countries. Despite the numerous voyages of exploration, the na ture of the central Arctic was unknown only 90 years ago; it was believed to be a shallow sea dotted with islands. During Nansen's historic voyage on the polarship Fram, which commenced in 1893, the great depth of the central basin was discovered. In the Soviet Union, investigation of the Arctic Ocean became national policy after 1917. Today research at several scientific institutions there is devoted primarily to the study of the North Polar Ocean and seas. The systematic exploration of the Arctic by the United States com menced in 1951. Research has been conducted year-round from drifting ice islands, which are tabular fragments of glacier ice that break away from ice shelves. Most frequently, ice islands originate off the northern coast of Ellesmere Island. These research platforms are occupied as weather sta tions, as well as for oceanographic and geophysical studies. Several inter national projects, conducted by Canadian, European, and U. S. groups, have been underway during the last three decades. Although much new data have accumulated since the publication of the Marine Geology and Oceanography of the Arctic Seas volume in 1974 (Yvonne Herman, ed. ), in various fields of polar research-including present-day ice cover, hydrogra phy, fauna, flora, and geology-many questions remain to be answered.

Author : Lars Chresten Lund-Hansen
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030374726
Total Pages : 178 pages
Book Rating : 4.23/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Arctic Sea Ice Ecology written by Lars Chresten Lund-Hansen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-07 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book on sea ice ecology is the ecology of sea ice algae and other microorganism as bacteria, meiofauna, and viruses residing inside or at the bottom of the sea ice, called the sympagic biota. Organisms as seals, fish, birds, and Polar bears relies on sea ice but are not part of this biota. A distinct feature of this ecosystem, is the disappearance (melt) every summer and re-establishing in autumn and winter. The book is organized seasonally describing the physical, optical, biological, and geochemical conditions typical of the seasons: autumn, winter, and spring. These are exemplified with case studies based on author’s fieldwork in Greenland, the Arctic Ocean, and Antarctica but focused on Arctic conditions. The sea ice ecosystem is described in the context of climate change, interests, and effects of a decreasing summer ice extent in the Arctic Ocean. The book contains an up to date description of most relevant methods and techniques applied in sea ice ecology research. This book will appeal to university students at Masters or PhD levels reading biology, geosciences, and chemistry.

Author : Andreas Østhagen
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811507546
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.40/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Coast Guards and Ocean Politics in the Arctic written by Andreas Østhagen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-04 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about how coast guards are becoming states’ foremost tool to manage changes occurring in ocean politics generally, and in the Arctic specifically. It looks at states’ rights at sea, changes occurring in the Arctic region, how coast guards are handling issues arising, and how international cooperation can deal with some of the related challenges.

Author : Bert Rudels
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128169311
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.15/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Physical Oceanography of the Arctic Mediterranean Sea written by Bert Rudels and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-19 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Physical Oceanography of the Arctic Mediterranean Sea describes the circulation and the processes in the Arctic Mediterranean, how our present knowledge has developed, and presents recent changes caused by a gradually warmer global climate. The Arctic Mediterranean Sea has been intensively studied in recent years, especially during the fourth International Polar Year, 2007–09, and we have become increasingly aware of the changes presently taking place. This book collects and presents newly acquired knowledge and sets it in perspective to previous studies. Authored by a world-renowned leader in the field, this book explores the role of this small but important sea in the global oceanic circulation and climate—a must-read for researchers and students in the fields of oceanography and climate science. Relates observed features to active processes and provides sufficient background information to understand the theoretical explanations Presents the Arctic Mediterranean Sea in the context of global ocean circulation and climate Presents a modern, comprehensive, and coherent treatment of Arctic (and subarctic) physical oceanography

Author : Michael D. Max
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3319025082
Total Pages : 114 pages
Book Rating : 4.87/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Natural Gas Hydrate - Arctic Ocean Deepwater Resource Potential written by Michael D. Max and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-11 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is an up-to-date basic reference for natural gas hydrate (NGH) in the Arctic Ocean. Geographical, geological, environmental, energy, new technology, and regulatory matters are discussed. The book should be of interest to general readers and scientists and students as well as industry and government agencies concerned with energy and ocean management. NGH is a solid crystalline material that compresses gas by about a factor of about 164 during crystallization from natural gas (mainly methane) - rich pore waters over time. NGH displaces water and may form large concentrations in sediment pore space. Its formation introduces changes in the geotechnical character of host sediment that allows it to be distinguished by seismic and electric exploration methods. The chemical reaction that forms NGH from gas and water molecules is highly reversible, which allows controlled conversion of the NGH to its constituent gas and water. This can be achieved rapidly by one of a number of processes including heating, depressurization, inhibitor injection, dissolution, and molecular replacement. The produced gas has the potential to make NGH a valuable unconventional natural gas resource, and perhaps the largest on earth. Estimates for NGH distribution, concentration, economic targets, and volumes in the Arctic Ocean have been carried out by restricting the economic target to deepwater turbidite sands, which are also sediment hosts for more deeply buried conventional hydrocarbon deposits. Resource base estimates are based on NGH petroleum system analysis approach using industry-standard parameters along with analogs from three relatively well known examples (Nankai-Japan, Gulf of Mexico-United States, and Arctic permafrost hydrate). Drilling data has substantiated new geotechnical-level seismic analysis techniques for estimating not just the presence of NGH but prospect volumes. In addition to a volumetric estimate for NGH having economic potential, a sedimentary depositional model is proposed to aid exploration in the five different regions around the deep central Arctic Ocean basin. Related topics are also discussed. Transport and logistics for NGH may also be applicable for stranded conventional gas and oil deposits. Arising from a discussion of new technology and methodologies that could be applied to developing NGH, suggestions are made for the lowering of exploration and capital expenses that could make NGH competitive on a produced cost basis. The basis for the extraordinarily low environmental risk for exploration and production of NGH is discussed, especially with respect to the environmentally fragile Arctic region. It is suggested that because of the low environmental risk, special regulations could be written that would provide a framework for very low cost and safe development.