An Economic Analysis Of A Drug Selling Gangs Finances

Author : Steven D. Levitt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.76/5 ( download)

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Download or read book An Economic Analysis of a Drug-selling Gang's Finances written by Steven D. Levitt and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze a unique data set detailing the financial activities of a drug-selling street gang on a monthly basis over a four-year period in the recent past. The data, originally compiled by the gang leader to aid in managing the organization, contain detailed information on both the sources of revenues (e.g. drug sales, extortion) and expenditrues (e.g. costs of drugs sold, weapons, tribute to the central gang organization, wages paid to various levels of the gang). Street-level drug dealing appears to be less lucrative than is generally though. We estimate the average wage in the organization to rise from roughly $6 per hour to $11 per hour over the time period studied. The distribution of wages, however, is extremely skewed. Gang leaders earn far more than they could in the legitimate sector, but the actual street-level dealers appear to earn less than the minimum wage throughout most of our sample, in spite of the substantial risks associated with such activities (the annual violent death rate in our sample is 0.07), There is some evidence consistent both with compensating differentials and efficiency wages. The markup on drugs suggests that the gang has substantial local market power. Gang wars appear to have an important strategic component: violence on another gang's turf shifts demand away from that area. The gang we observe responds to such attacks by pricing below marginal cost, suggesting either economic punishment for the rival gang or the presence of switching for users that makes market share maintenance valuable. We investigate a range of alternative methods for estimating the willingness of gang members to accept risks of death, all of which suggest that the implicit value that gang members place on their own lives is very low.

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.62/5 ( download)

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Download or read book An Economic Analysis of a Drug-Selling Gang's Finances written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Ira Brant Sommers
Publisher : Nova Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781560728207
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.05/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Workin' Hard for the Money written by Ira Brant Sommers and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2000 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines women's participation in the cocaine/crack economy of New York City. All the women are or were long-term drug dealers, not those who casually dealt drugs. In order to be included in the authors' study, a person had to have sold drugs for at least two years. Many of the respondents were involved in drug distribution for considerably longer periods. Thus, the voices heard here are of those who had substantial drug selling careers. The authors' seek to describe the lives of women drug dealers -- not so much from their point of view, as from the women's own. In the research undertaken, they sought to listen to the women and understand the cultural perspectives through which they created their lives. Thus, the women are represented as responsive subjects and present their world as close as possible to how they saw it. Throughout the book, the women describe their experiences through their own vernacular.

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780833074065
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.67/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Money from crime: a study of the economics of drug dealing in Washington, D.C. written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Lisa Marie Vasquez
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.09/5 ( download)

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Download or read book An Economic Analysis of Desistance from Street-level Drug Dealing written by Lisa Marie Vasquez and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overt drug markets - street dealing, drug houses, and the like -- are amongst the most severe sources of violence and disorder in certain communities. Traditional enforcement tactics have not been successful in closing these markets. While the Drug Market Intervention (DMI) has shown promise in reducing drug and violent crime, it has created adaptive difficulties regarding finances for operators within these markets. This research used in-depth interviews to explore economic changes by former street-level drug dealers associated with the Terrace and Bedell DMI in Hempstead Village, New York. Special attention was paid to prior and current sources of income and any displacement into alternative illegalities. Results indicate that few participants held legitimate employment prior to implementation of the DMI, and more than half are currently employed. Additionally, a small amount of displacement was reported post-DMI. The findings from this study extend the existing literature concerning the financial practices of street-level drug dealers in ways that help policy makers and practitioners design and implement innovative and effective police practices.

Author : Peter Reuter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.00/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Money from Crime written by Peter Reuter and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Gerben J.N. Bruinsma
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190865156
Total Pages : 969 pages
Book Rating : 4.53/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology written by Gerben J.N. Bruinsma and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-08 with total page 969 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of how the environment, local geography, and physical locations influence crime has a long history that stretches across many research traditions. These include the neighborhood effects approach developed in the 1920s, the criminology of place, and a newer approach that attends to the perception of crime in communities. Aided by new technologies and improved data-reporting in recent decades, research in environmental criminology has developed rapidly within each of these approaches. Yet research in the subfield remains fragmented and competing theories are rarely examined together. The Oxford Handbook of Environmental Criminology takes a unique approach and synthesizes the contributions of existing methods to better integrate the subfield as a whole. Gerben J.N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson have assembled a cast of top scholars to provide an in-depth source for understanding how and why physical setting can influence the emergence of crime, affect the environment, and impact individual or group behavior. The contributors address how changes in the environment, global connectivity, and technology provide more criminal opportunities and new ways of committing old crimes. They also explore how crimes committed in countries with distinct cultural practices like China and West Africa might lead to different spatial patterns of crime. This is a state-of-the-art compendium on environmental criminology that reflects the diverse research and theory developed across the western world.

Author : Malcolm W. Klein
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199890102
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.01/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Street Gang Patterns and Policies written by Malcolm W. Klein and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-12 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past two decades, many prevention and suppression programs have been initiated on a national and local level to combat street gangs--but what do we really know about them? Why do youths join them? Why do they proliferate? Street Gang Patterns and Policies is a crucial update and critical examination of our understanding of gangs and major gang-control programs across the nation. Often perceived solely as an urban issue, street gangs are also a suburban and rural dilemma. Klein and Maxson focus on gang proliferation, migration, and crime patterns, and highlight known risk factors that lead to youths form and join gangs within communities. Dispelling the long-standing assumptions that the public, the media, and law enforcement have about street gangs, they present a comprehensive overview of how gangs are organized and structured. The authors assess the major gang programs across the nation and argue that existing prevention, intervention, and suppression methods targeting individuals, groups, and communities, have been largely ineffective. Klein and Maxson close by offering valuable policy guidelines for practitioners on how to intervene and control gangs more successfully. Filling an important gap in the literature on street gangs and social control, this book is a must-read for criminologists, social workers, policy makers, and criminal justice practitioners.

Author : Herbert C. Covey
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313399301
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.05/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Crips and Bloods written by Herbert C. Covey and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a concise and engaging examination of the subculture of the Crips and Bloods—the notorious street gangs that started in Los Angeles, but have now spread throughout the United States. Despite the dangers and harsh realities intrinsic to street life and criminal activity, the no-holds-barred lifestyle of gangs continues to interest mainstream America. This provocative book provides an insider's look into the subculture of two of the most notorious street gangs—the Crips and the Bloods. Crips and Bloods: A Guide to an American Subculture traces the evolution of the two gangs, covering their origins in South Central Los Angeles to the organizations' current presence throughout the United States. The author analyzes the ways in which the gang subculture is created, promoted, and perpetuated; shows how the groups currently recruit their members; and explores the ways Crip and Blood culture has expanded beyond the gangs into the larger mainstream society.

Author : Lennard J. Davis
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1315453207
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.00/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Beginning with Disability written by Lennard J. Davis and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-09-20 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While there are many introductions to disability and disability studies, most presume an advanced academic knowledge of a range of subjects. Beginning with Disability is the first introductory primer for disaibility studies aimed at first year students in two- and four-year colleges. This volume of essays across disciplines—including education, sociology, communications, psychology, social sciences, and humanities—features accessible, readable, and relatively short chapters that do not require specialized knowledge. Lennard Davis, along with a team of consulting editors, has compiled a number of blogs, vlogs, and other videos to make the materials more relatable and vivid to students. "Subject to Debate" boxes spotlight short pro and con pieces on controversial subjects that can be debated in class or act as prompts for assignments.