Air Pollution States Assigned A Major Role In Epas Air Toxics Strategy

Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.75/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Air Pollution : States Assigned a Major Role in EPA's Air Toxics Strategy written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.22/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Air Pollution written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : United States. General Accounting Office
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.57/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Air Pollution : States Assigned a Major Role in EPA's Air Toxics Strategy written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : U S Government Accountability Office (G
Publisher : BiblioGov
ISBN 13 : 9781289148638
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.35/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Air Pollution written by U S Government Accountability Office (G and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07-01 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In response to a congressional request, GAO examined the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) strategy to rely more on states to regulate toxic air pollutants, specifically: (1) the status of the strategy; (2) certain legal issues related to state regulation of pollutants; and (3) variances among state air toxics programs. GAO noted that the EPA strategy of delegating its authority to set standards and regulations for toxic air pollutants and pollution sources raised concerns about legal issues, public health, and industry location implications. GAO found that: (1) the question of whether EPA has the discretion to delegate regulatory responsibility to states instead of issuing national standards is under litigation; (2) although EPA discontinued referring the regulation of toxic air pollutants to states, it continued to identify potential pollution sources in states and furnish them with studies for use in evaluation and regulation; (3) as of May 1968, 17 states had pollution control programs in place and 29 were developing programs; (4) since the state programs vary in terms of the pollutants and sources they regulate, their regulation strategies, and the methods they use to establish acceptable emission levels, then the levels of public exposure to toxic pollutants also vary; and (5) environmental regulation is generally not a significant factor in industry location decisions.

Author : Leah B. Cates
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.28/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Air Pollution written by Leah B. Cates and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309089328
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.26/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Air Quality Management in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-09-30 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing the nation's air quality is a complex undertaking, involving tens of thousands of people in regulating thousands of pollution sources. The authors identify what has worked and what has not, and they offer wide-ranging recommendations for setting future priorities, making difficult choices, and increasing innovation. This new book explores how to better integrate scientific advances and new technologies into the air quality management system. The volume reviews the three-decade history of governmental efforts toward cleaner air, discussing how air quality standards are set and results measured, the design and implementation of control strategies, regulatory processes and procedures, special issues with mobile pollution sources, and more. The book looks at efforts to spur social and behavioral changes that affect air quality, the effectiveness of market-based instruments for air quality regulation, and many other aspects of the issue. Rich in technical detail, this book will be of interest to all those engaged in air quality management: scientists, engineers, industrial managers, law makers, regulators, health officials, clean-air advocates, and concerned citizens.

Author : United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air and Radiation
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.10/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Inside Story written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Air and Radiation and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.33/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Transportation Conformity written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transportation conformity is required under the Clean Air Act (CAA) Section 176(c) to ensure that Federally-supported transportation activities are consistent with (“conform to”) the purpose of a State Implementation Plan (SIP). Transportation conformity establishes the framework for improving air quality to protect public health and the environment. Conformity to the purpose of the SIP means Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and Federal Transit Administration (FTA) funding and approvals are given to highway and transit activities that will not cause new air quality violations, worsen existing air quality violations, or delay timely attainment of the relevant air quality standard, or any interim milestone. This Guide was prepared to help State and local officials understand transportation conformity and how conformity requirements relate to transportation investments in their communities. Specifically, the implications of conformity on metropolitan transportation plans, transportation improvement programs (TIPs), and transportation projects are discussed. The Guide provides overview information on the major elements of the conformity process and provides answers to basic questions. Several exhibits are included in the Guide to illustrate key elements of the conformity process. Appendices are also included that discuss the health effects of pollutants, options to reduce on-road mobile source emissions, and resource agency contacts.

Author : Beatrice Trum Hunter
Publisher : Basic Health Publications, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 9781591200574
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.71/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Clean Air Is Vital to Your Health written by Beatrice Trum Hunter and published by Basic Health Publications, Inc.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Normal breathing indoors and outside may also involve inhaling PCBs, soot, ozone, formaldehyde, radon, radiation, or asbestos fibrils, among other substances. This book is important reading for everyone who wants to know how air quality relates to health and how it can be improved in their personal environments.

Author : Renee J. Robins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.26/5 ( download)

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Download or read book EPA's Urban Air Toxics Strategy written by Renee J. Robins and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Executive summary: The Summer Air Symposium is a continuation of conferences established in 1993 for the purpose of informing decision makers on scientific aspects of important air pollution issues. Participation is limited to invited members of the scientific, regulatory, industrial, and public interest communities. The small size of the group promotes discussions that have led to important progress on ideas for improvements in air pollution control. The conference is co-sponsored by a variety of organizations (see Appendix I). The objective of the 1999 Symposium was to discuss scientific aspects of EPA's Urban Air Toxics Strategy, including the influence of science on policy and the influence of policy on scientific research. Specific questions to be addressed include: * What is known? * What are the uncertainties and their magnitude? * What research should be done? The EPA Urban Air Toxics Strategy is a new type of undertaking because it's a strategy, not a rule. It sets priorities and a schedule for ongoing action. The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) identify 189 pollutants as air toxics. The CAAA establish a two-step approach for regulating these pollutants: (1) standard setting, which is designed to get broad reductions across the board, along with incidental reductions from mobile source programs, and (2) determination of whether additional reductions are needed to protect health and the environment. The Urban Air Toxics Strategy, residual risk standards, and mobile source study and standards come under the second step. The biggest challenge is to regulate while we're still learning: source inventories are evolving and our understanding of atmospheric transformation and cumulative effects is still incomplete. The paradigm is: source --> ambient conc. --> exposure -> dose --> effect control. Sources present a complex challenge. There are multiple pollutants, multiple sources, and we only have primitive emission characterization. Many ambient pollutants result from transformation in the atmosphere. Monitoring has provided some ambient data-showing some downward trends-but by no means enough. We need a national system, but need to be careful not to overbuild, for resources might be better used elsewhere. There are a lot of existing data that could be analyzed. Data challenges include a lack of prescribed methods and a need to better understand variability. States need to Ok participate in decisions concerning when and how to act. Exposure is the connection between ambient concentrations and health effects. For toxics, there is a special need to understand indoor vs. outdoor sources and exposures. Indoor exposures are poorly understood. We need to develop source apportionment tools, and this is critical to developing costeffective control strategies. The Cumulative Exposure Project is a major effort to address all sources, and it has come reasonably close to monitored levels. It is being brought into the Urban Air Toxics Strategy and updated (NATA). The challenges are dealing with a 1990 inventory, improving the quality of modeling, and public/risk communication. MATES II is an example of a very community-oriented attempt to do some of these same things. Diesel and mercury are in some sense the easy cases. We understand the sources, have health data, and there is a history and technology of controlling emissions. With respect to diesel, the debate is whether its emissions constitute an air toxic or not, and how large the risk is (which can be addressed with quantitative risk assessment tools). There has been less debate today concerning what to do about it. Is it regulated as PM? As an air toxic? Resolving these issues is important for determining diesel control strategies. Mercury is a very public issue because of fish advisories and TRI data. We know the primary anthropogenic sources, and control is possible, although at a cost ("catching a few fish in a big lake"). Health effects are a key element and a major challenge in developing an air toxics regulatory strategy. There is a "miserably inadequate data set for quantitative risk assessment." Only 14 of 33 priority HAPs have potency values, and there are quantification challenges, as well as questions about mechanisms at high and low doses. Unanswered is whether we are aiming for an "acceptable level of risk" (e.g. 1 excess cancer in a million) or an "acceptable level of control" (e.g. MACT). Finally, there are many research needs to support an overall strategy. Priorities include source characterization and inventory building, atmospheric transformation, improved monitoring techniques and standardization, exposure assessment for key indoor/outdoor toxics, and health science including biomarkers for exposure and dose-response information.