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Author : R. Terry Bowyer
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889669106
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.03/5 ( download)
Download or read book Advances in Ungulate Ecology written by R. Terry Bowyer and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-06-28 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Leonid Baskin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662068206
Total Pages : 437 pages
Book Rating : 4.05/5 ( download)
Download or read book Ecology of Ungulates written by Leonid Baskin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The knowledge on the ecology of ungulates (orders Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla) inhabiting eastern Europe and northern and central Asia is of special importance for those interested in zoology, ecology, nature conservation, hunting and management. There are 26 species of ungulates 2 oE-169°W within the 22. 4 million km area, between 35-82°N and 20 and they occupy several vegetation zones from arctic deserts to the subtropics. In our opinion, the advancement of science can be retarded and general conclusions will be difficult to make, if the knowledge of the organisms inhabiting one sixth of the world'sland surface, covered by this vast region, is not included. The language barrier, as well as the lack of international accessibility of local publications, makes it difficult to make use of the great volume of scientific information gathered within the territory of the former USSR. The only complete ecological review of ungulates of the Soviet Union, Mammals of the Soviet Union, vol. 1. Ungulates, was published by V. G. Heptner, A. A. Nasimovich, and A. G. Bannikov in 1961 (in Russian, Heptner and Naumov 1961)and 1989(the English translation,Heptner and Naumov 1989). This excellent book does not, however, contain scientific contributions published after 1959. This is unfortunate, because during the foHowing40years,intense and highly qualified research on the ecology and behavior of ungulates was performed.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 63 pages
Book Rating : 4.55/5 ( download)
Download or read book Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Woodrow L. Myers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.12/5 ( download)
Download or read book Ungulate Ecology and Population Dynamics in Washington written by Woodrow L. Myers and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : R. Terry Bowyer
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421445069
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.69/5 ( download)
Download or read book Sexual Segregation in Ungulates written by R. Terry Bowyer and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2022-11-15 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is about the differing spatial distribution of males and females in species of hooved mammals. This behavior, wherein males and females live separately for long periods of time, has been observed in many species, but the causes of it remain uncertain"--
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.91/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Starkey Habitat Database for Ungulate Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : N. Samba Kumar
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811569347
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.40/5 ( download)
Download or read book Spatial Dynamics and Ecology of Large Ungulate Populations in Tropical Forests of India written by N. Samba Kumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-02 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large ungulates in tropical forests are among the most threatened taxa of mammals. Excessive hunting, degradation of and encroachments on their natural habitats by humans have contributed to drastic reductions in wild ungulate populations in recent decades. As such, reliable assessments of ungulate-habitat relationships and the spatial dynamics of their populations are urgently needed to provide a scientific basis for conservation efforts. However, such rigorous assessments are methodologically complex and logistically difficult, and consequently many commonly used ungulate population survey methods do not address key problems. As a result of such deficiencies, key parameters related to population distribution, abundance, habitat ecology and management of tropical forest ungulates remain poorly understood. This book addresses this critical knowledge gap by examining how population abundance patterns in five threatened species of large ungulates vary across space in the tropical forests of the Nagarahole-Bandipur reserves in southwestern India. It also explains the development and application of an innovative methodology – spatially explicit line transect sampling – based on an advanced hierarchical modelling under the Bayesian inferential framework, which overcomes common methodological deficiencies in current ungulate surveys. The methods and results presented provide valuable reference material for researchers and professionals involved in studying and managing wild ungulate populations around the globe.
Author : Marco Festa-Bianchet
Publisher : Island Press
ISBN 13 : 1597267732
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.31/5 ( download)
Download or read book Mountain Goats written by Marco Festa-Bianchet and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2012-09-26 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mountain goats have been among the least studied of North American ungulates, leaving wildlife managers with little information on which to base harvest strategies or conservation plans. This book offers the first comprehensive assessment of the ecology and behavior of mountain goats, setting forth the results of a remarkable 16-year longitudinal study of more than 300 marked individuals in a population in Alberta, Canada. The authors’ thorough, long-term study allowed them to draw important conclusions about mountain goat ecology—including individual reproductive strategies, population dynamics, and sensitivity to human disturbance—and to use those conclusions in offering guidance for developing effective conservation strategies. Chapters examine: -habitat use, vegetation quality, and seasonal movements -sexual segregation and social organization -individual variability in yearly and lifetime reproductive success of females -age- and sex-specific survival and dispersal -reproductive strategies and population dynamics -management and conservation of mountain goats The book also draws on the rich literature on long-term monitoring of marked ungulates to explore similarities and differences between mountain goats and other species, particularly bighorn sheep and ibex. By monitoring a marked population over a long period of time, researchers were able to document changes in sex-age structure and identify factors driving population dynamics. Because it explores the links between individual life-history strategy and population dynamics in a natural setting, Mountain Goats will be an invaluable resource for wildlife managers, researchers in ecology and animal behavior, conservationists, population biologists, and anyone concerned with the ecology and management of natural populations, especially in alpine environments.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.20/5 ( download)
Download or read book Ungulate Winter Ecology Studies, Glacier National Park written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kathleen Gundermann
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.12/5 ( download)
Download or read book Ungulate Space-use and Movement in Response to Changes in Reproductive Status and Hunting Pressure written by Kathleen Gundermann and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological systems contain many complex components, including individual variation, non-linear interactions, scale multiplicity, and spatial heterogeneity. In addition, it is often difficult to observe ecological processes directly because obtaining individually identifiable and repeatable observations of wild animals over long durations can be logistically difficult and expensive. For example, in traditional mark-recapture or resight studies, the individual is only observed when it is re-captured or re-detected by an observer. These methods result in spatially and temporally disconnected observations because they are restricted to the spatial location of a trap or observer during periods of active observation. However, as wildlife telemetry technology has advanced, so has our ability to study individual wild animals, providing critical insights into animal behavior and ecology that are not spatially or temporally constrained. Contemporary telemetry devices can collect high-frequency observations of animal locations over more extended periods and with reduced measurement error. Even so, the animal's location does not necessarily provide direct information about an individual's behavior at a particular location or when there is a shift in the unknown or latent behavioral state. As quantitative methods continue to develop, researchers can identify latent behavioral states and them to important resource use areas, such as calving grounds, foraging areas, or migration corridors. These latent behaviors can manifest in location data in multiple ways, either through a change in physical location or changes in movement-related metrics. For example, movement behavior is typically quantified using step lengths (the straight-line distance between two points) and turning angles (the change in direction between three successive steps). However, a change in location does not necessarily result in a change in movement metrics and vice versa. For example, relocating a core area can be achieved without a detectable change in movement metrics. Meanwhile, the geographic location of the core-use area may not shift, but if the area contracts, then quantities such as step lengths and turning angles will change. Additionally, behavioral changes may be related to biological factors such as birthing events, migration, external factors such as disturbance or intraspecific interactions. It is important to understand when these behavioral changes occur and what variables are related to changes in movement behavior as they can inform conservation and management. There are multiple statistical methods to identify latent behavioral states. For example, hidden Markov models (HMM) are now commonly used to identify the temporally varying behavioral state of an individual given movement-related quantities, namely step length (speed) and turning angle. The development of easy-to-use R packages has facilitated this increase in the use of HMMs. However, HMMs are a general modeling framework that is not restricted to analyzing step lengths and turning angles. In addition, HMMs can be viewed as an extension of a much simpler latent state model, referred to as a change-point model, which contains multiple latent states but only a single (or fixed a priori) point at which the individual transitions from one state to another. It is important to consider the type of latent state models and select an ecologically appropriate quantitative framework for the behavior of interest. For example, a change-point model may be appropriate if the individual transitions between behaviors once during a period of interest, such as during a birthing or migratory event. In contrast, an HMM may be more appropriate if an individual transitions between behaviors throughout the study duration. Researchers must consider the ecological questions they are asking when choosing the most appropriate analytic tool. To advance our ability to quantify changes in movement behavior, we present a holistic Bayesian framework for estimating latent behavioral states that vary in the quantities being modeled. Our framework contains two general models, one based on individual locations, and one based on movement metrics; both may be useful for determining when transitions in latent behavioral states occur. Although other work has focused on identifying state-transitions with these metrics, the two have not been compared directly and neither response has been identified as the best practice in identifying behavioral shifts. Our framework allows the comparison of these two models across species and individuals, depending on species-specific ecology or significant within-species individual variation in movement behavior. We first applied this framework to identify the timing of a single behavioral shift, related to parturition, in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus, n = 19) and elk (Cervus canadensis, n = 37) in central Pennsylvania. We equipped each population with global positioning system (GPS) collars and vaginal implant transmitters (VITs) and compared the ability of the change-point models based on either movement quantities or spatial locations to detect the timing of parturition events. To summarize the ability of each model to estimate the timing of parturition, we defined two levels of success; a Level 1 success occurred when the 95% credible interval of the estimated change-point fell within +/- six hours of the known parturition event. A Level 2 success occurred when the 95% credible interval fell within +/- twelve hours of the known parturition event. The behavioral change-point model detected the parturition event more consistently (Level 1; 0% deer, 24% elk; Level 2 6% deer, 32% elk) than the geographic change-point model (Level 1; 0% deer and elk; Level 2 0% deer, 8% elk). Additionally, we conducted a simulation study to determine the effect that frequency of observations, duration of observations following a behavioral change, and the relative size of the behavioral change had on the ability of the model to detect the true change-point. We recommend that researchers interested in detecting a single change-point obtain data at least 12 hours after the change has occurred and with a 15-minute fix interval. Researchers and managers can use our change-point models across species to identify the timing of parturition events or other changes in behavior that occur at a single point in time if individuals exhibit a consistent and distinct change in the quantity being modeled. We then applied hidden-Markov models to identify multiple behavioral shifts and understand how behavior varies with predator activity in a population of deer (n=63) in Pennsylvania. We used GPS collars to monitor deer at hourly intervals during the 2016-2019 rifle hunting season in Pennsylvania. We developed two Bayesian hidden-Markov models, based on the framework described above, to evaluate deer behavior in a temporally and spatially varying landscape of fear. These models allow individuals to switch between two generating distributions, depending on conditions at a given time step, that each describes a different latent behavior. In both models, the shift in behavioral states was a function temporally and spatially varying predictors. We compared the ability of these models to two simpler models that did not account for the effects of hunting season. Our results indicate that hunting season may not be a contributing factor to behavioral transitions in individuals. We found while most individuals are changing their behavior through time, hunting season did not explain this transition well across most individuals. Further investigation into the spatial and temporal features that influence white-tailed deer space use and movement is needed to understand the impact of hunter presence during periods of high mortality pressure.
